Hazard Risk

 A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition
 that may cause loss of life, injury or other negative health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services,
social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
 In technical settings, hazards are
described quantitatively by the
likely frequency of occurrence of different intensities for
different areas, as determined from historical data or
scientific analysis.
 If the hazard is present but have not yet interacted with the
vulnerable entities like people or structure,
the damage and losses that will probably happen are called
risk, meaning a disaster haven’t occurred yet, still they are
being foreseen already.
 The probability of harmful consequences, or expected loss
of lives, people injured, livelihoods, disruption of economic
activities and damages to the environment as a result of
interactions between natural or human induced hazards
and vulnerable/ capable conditions.

Vulnerability
 The characteristics and circumstances of a community,
system or asset
 that make it susceptible (easily affected by)
to the damaging effects of a hazard.

 There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from

various
 physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.
 Examples may include poor design and construction of
buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public
information and awareness, limited official recognition of
risks and preparedness measures, and disregard for wise
environmental management.
Disaster How does a hazard become a disaster?
 related to Hazard and Vulnerability  Extreme natural events (hazards) do not necessarily turn
 Mistakenly, we call storms, floods, earthquakes, explosions, into disasters.
pandemics, and many more as disasters, but they really are  The World Risk Report shows that the
just events called “hazards” that can be categorized as to disaster risk is always made up of two components:
natural or man-made.  exposure to natural hazards and climate change,
and social vulnerability.
 A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society
 involving widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses and impacts,
 which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.

 Disasters are often

described as a result of the combination of:
 the exposure to a hazard;
the conditions of vulnerability that are present;
and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope
with the potential negative consequences.
 Disaster impacts may include loss of life, injury, disease and
other negative effects on human physical, mental and
social well-being, together with damage to property,
destruction of assets, loss of services, social and economic
disruption and environmental degradation.
The following definitions of hazard, vulnerability, and disaster are
as defined by the United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction
(UNISDR)
Relationship between hazard, disaster, and vulnerability
(a) No hazard or disaster

Human activities and physical processes do not interact

and there is no hazard or disaster
(e.g. a volcanic eruption on a remote unpopulated island,
or a landslide in an unsettled area).

(b) Disaster

If the geophysical hazard and human activity are closer together,

a disaster can result.
The more severe the geophysical event and/or
the more vulnerable the human population,
the more the two overlap and the larger the disaster
The following terms used in this module are defined as follows: Risk – the expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage
to property and disruption of economic activity due to natural
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – is an infectious disease
phenomenon, and consequently the product of specific risk and
caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
elements at risk.
(SARS-CoV-2), a new strain of virus first detected in Wuhan, China
in 2019. Susceptible – easily affected, influenced, or harmed by
something.
Disaster – natural or man-made emergencies that cannot be
handled by affected communities who experience severe danger Vulnerability – factors of the community that allow a hazard to
and incur loss of lives and properties cause a disaster. Or the result of several factors that increase the
chances of a community
causing disruption in its social structure and prevention of the being unable to cope with an emergency.
fulfillment of all or some of the affected community’s essential
functions.
Disaster Impact – actual hazard event or its immediate
consequences requiring extraordinary response.
Geophysical – deals with the physics of the Earth, including
weather, winds, tides, earthquakes, volcanoes, etc. and their
effect on the planet Earth.
Hazard – any phenomenon that has the potential to cause
disruption or damage to humans and their environment. Or an
event or occurrence that has the potential for causing injury to
life, property and environment.
Man-made hazard – hazard caused by human action or inaction.
Natural hazard – elements of the physical environment, harmful
to man and caused by forces extraneous to him; is an extreme
event that occurs naturally and causes harm to humans.
Pandemics – a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or
continents.
1. Which of the following is NOT a type of natural hazard?
A. tornado B. hurricane C. car accident D. earthquakes
2. Which of the following statements about natural hazards is
NOT TRUE?
A. Hazards become disasters when they harm many people.
B. Some hazards can be predicted, but usually can’t be stopped.
C. Hazards are natural processes that harm people on a regular
basis.
D. Hazards are natural processes that can be dangerous, but have
not yet caused damage.
3. A natural disaster occurs when a natural hazard ….
A. impacts everyday life for humans. B. poses a danger to any part
of the earth.
C. changes the physical features of the earth.
D. causes major damage and harms humans.
4. An event that produces greater loss than a community can
handle, including casualties, property damage, and significant
environmental damage is called ….
A. facility B. mitigation C. disaster D. resource
5. An inherent weakness in a system or its operating environment
that may be exploited to cause harm to the system is called ….
A. risk B. vulnerability C. hazard D. response
3. Are the effects of the pictures in Sets A and B similar? What are
these effects? Can the photos in sets A and B be considered as
disasters?
4. What is the difference between Sets A and B photos in terms of
what caused them?
TRY THIS • Covid-19 may be considered as a disaster, the current
pandemic consists of a series of calamitous events, resulting in
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B
the death and harm of many people and causing great human
EXPLORE suffering and distress, thereby resulting in serious disruption of
1. All of them are naturally occurring in the environment. the societies' functioning, with the cancellation of gatherings,
closure of non-essential businesses, shift to online education, and
2. They happened due to the action of man, some intended while curfew measures.
other happened due to undesirable activities.
• When analyzing a potential disaster, the emphasis is on the
3. They all caused great fear, and destroys a lot of materials, and consequence, but not on the characterization of an event.
even result to casualties, among others, thus they can be
considered as disaster.
4. Set A falls under the category of natural hazards while Set B
falls under the category of man-made hazards.
APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
1. The big boulders of rocks on top of the mountain.
2. School employees and students, location of the school, building
conditions, warning signals
3. risk 4. disaster
ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
Coronavirus 2019 a Disaster
• If you are going to consider the way that the CoViD-19 has
affected everybody from over all the world, it was very evident to
every sector of the society, how the government seeks help from
the international sectors, and mostly how our life was turned
upside-down especially when the pandemic was just starting and
everything scared to death.