INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO

DE LÁZARO CÁRDENAS  
Instituto Tecnológico de Lázaro Cárdenas

   
 
STEAM BOILER’S ELEMENTS
 
 
 
  
STUDENT:
LUIS ENRIQUE SANCHEZ SANCHEZ
CONTROL NUMBER: 16560265

CAREER:
ELECTROMECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ENGLISH GROUP:
1004
  TEACHER:
HÉCTOR HUGO TREJO GARCÍA 

ADVISER:
ING. JORGE SALAZAR ROCHA
 
Cd. y Puerto de Lázaro Cárdenas, Mich., July 2021
 WHAT IS A STEAM BOILER?

It is a "U" pipe type heat exchanger, Its function is to

generate dry saturated steam from the condensation
water, which circulates on the side of the pipe and
these transfers its thermal load. It has a degassing
section to expel non-condensable gases and preheat
the water supplied to the steam boiler to avoid thermal
shocks that can cause thermal fatigue in the generator
metals.
Figure 1: Steam Boiler. source: Sistema del generador.
COMPONENTS OF A STEAM BOILER

The steam boiler is made up of a great variety of

elements, in this presentation mention is made of
some, which are:
•Steam drum
•Furnace
•Superheater
•Economizer
•Burners
Other than that for the equipment and components
listed above, steam generators require other parts and
Figure 2: Components of a steam boiler. source:babcock.com
accessories to function properly.
STEAM DRUM

This equipment is located in the upper part of the

Steam boiler and its purpose is to separate the
humidity from the steam generated on the walls of
the boiler hearth, maintaining an operational level.
The steam drum is constructed of thick metal plates
and hemispherical heads, to withstand the great
working pressures to which it is subjected.

Figure 3: Steam drum. source: prodinco.es

FURNACE

It is the room where combustion occurs in the

steam boiler; The function of the furnace is to allow
the release of energy (combustion) contained in the
fuel to be transmitted to the walls of the furnace
and to all transfer elements of the steam boiler.

Figure 4: Furnace. source: generadores de vapor.com

SUPERHEATER

It is a series of vertical pipe distributed in the form of

hanging curves with two heads, one inlet and one
outlet, which are located inside the Steam boiler, in the
area called dead chamber; They are classified into
radiant panel and convective panel; that is, some are in
the radiant area of ​the fireball and others in the
convective area of ​the gas flow towards the air
preheaters.

Figure 5: Superheater. source: thermodyneboilers.com

ECONOMIZER

It has the function of preheating the water coming from

the feedwater pumps, recovering the heat energy of
the gases produced by combustion in furnace, the
water flows through two inlet heads in an upward way
in a counter-flow with respect to the hot gases of the
combustion, making a journey through the interior of
the pipe and receiving heat from the gases.

Figure 6: Economizer. source: POP Agua-vapor.

BURNERS

It is a device in which an electrical system causes a

spark to be produced between the electrodes, using a
high voltage, and after opening the way to the mixture
of fuel and air, the gas or liquid combustion occurs.
The burner assembly comprises various devices such
as nozzles, electrodes, control systems.

Figure 7: Burners. source:indiamart.com.

STEAM BOILER APPLICATIONS

A thermoelectric plant is an installation used to

generate electrical energy from the energy released in
the form of heat, usually by burning fossil fuels such
as oil, natural gas or coal. This heat is used by a
conventional thermodynamic cycle to drive an
alternator and produce electrical energy.

Figure 8: Steam boiler applications. source: Plantatermoelectricajceaj.com.

KEY WORDS

THERMOELECTRIC PLANT: It is an installation for the generation of electric.

BOILER: Is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated.

TURBULENCE: Is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.

.
COMBUSTIÓN: It is a reaction generated by air, oil and fire.

THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE:  Thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat.

ALTERNATOR: It is an electrical machine, capable of transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 GRATEFULNESS

I thank everyone who is present for giving me a little attention and time in this presentation and also
thank Mr. Hugo trejo and Mr. Jorge Salazar for their help and recommendations, to my family who have
always supported me since the beginning of the career. Thank you very much.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) https://www.calderasvapor.com/la-valvula-de-seguridad-en-las-calderas-de-vapor/

2) https://www.slideshare.net/ronnyosadeysantana/descripcin-de-caldera-y-generadores-de-vapor

3) http://tesis.uson.mx/digital/tesis/docs/9127/Capitulo1.pdf

4) 148424652-Manual-de-Calderas-1-Anthony-L-Kohan.pdf

5) http://recursosbiblio.url.edu.gt/publicjlg/biblio_sin_paredes/fac_ing/Manu_cald/I/cap/

6) http://www.prodinco.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=38&Itemid=143&lang=es