GROUP 8

WELCOM
E TO THE
PRESENTA
 CHAPTER 4
spillway structures
CONTENT

INTRODUCTION


Essential requirements of a spillway


Spillway Capacity


Factors where capacity of a spillway depends


Types Of Spillway
Based on the time when the spillways come into operation
According to flow through the spillway
etc

components of a spillway structure
 CHAPTER 4
spillway structures
INTRODUCTION

 A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a

dam or leave in to a downstream area , typically the river bed the dammed
river it self .
 Spillways ensure that the water does not over flow and damage or destroy
the dam
 The purpose of a spillway associated with a dam is to pass excessive inflows
into or from the reservoir.
 Essential requirements of a spillway
 
The spillway must have sufficient capacity.

It must be hydraulically and structurally adequate.

It must be so located that it provides safe disposal of water i.e.,

spillway discharge will not erode or undermine the D/S toe of the dam.

The bounding surface of spillway must be erosion resistant to

withstand high scouring velocity created by the drop from reservoir
surface to tail water.

 Usually some devices are needed for energy dissipation on the

D/S side of spillway
 Spillway Capacity
• The required capacity of spillway i.e., maximum outflow
rate through spillway must be determined by flood routing
knowing:
 Inflow rate v/s time

 Reservoir capacity curve (reservoir surface elevation v/s reservoir storage)

 Discharge curve (out flow v/s reservoir water surface elevation).

 
However the required capacity of a spillway depends on the following factors:
1 Inflow flood, I
2 Available storage capacity, S
3 Discharge capacity of outlet works, O
4 Whether gated or un-gated spillway

5 Possible damage if a spillway of adequate

 Types Of
Spillway
• Classification based on the time when the spillways come into
operation
 Auxiliary spillway
Main or service spillway
Emergency spillway

Main or service spillway

•Main spillway is the one which comes into operation and is designed to pass the
entire spillway design flood.
Auxiliary spillway
• It is provided as a supplement to the main spillway and its crest is so located that it
comes into operation only after the floods for which the main spillway is designed
is exceeded.
 Cont.….
TYPES OF SPILLWAY
Emergency spillway

It is also provided in addition to main spillway but it comes into operation only
during emergency which may arise at any time which may not have been
considered in the normal design of main spillway.

Some of the situations which may lead to emergency are:

 an enforced shut down of the outlet works
 A malfunctioning of spillway gates.
The necessity of bye passing the regular spillway
because of damage or failure of some part of the structure
Further an emergency may also arise if a recurring flood occurs before a previous
flood is evacuated by the main spillway and outlet works.
Cont.….

Types of spill way

Classification according to flow through the spillway
1 controlled or gated spillway
2 un controlled or un-gated spillway
Classification based on the prominent features pertaining to the various
component of the spillway:
 

The various components of a spillway are

1. Control structure,
2. Discharge channel
3. Terminal structures – energy dissipaters
4 Entrance & outlet channels
Cont.….

Types of spillway
With respect to control structures discharge channel etc
the spillway is classified into following types.
  1 Free over-fall or straight drop spillway
2 Over flow or Ogee spillway
3 Chute or open channel or trough spillway
4 Side channel spillway
5 Shaft or morning glory spillway
6 Conduit or tunnel spillway
7 Siphon spillway
Spill way components
Spillway components include;
 Entrance channel: to minimize head loss and to obtain uniform
distribution of flow over the spillway crest
 Control structure: to regulate and control the outflow. It may
consist of a sill, weir, orifice, tube, or pipe.
 Discharge channel: to convey the discharge from the control structure
to the terminal structure/stream bed. The conveyance structure may be the
downstream face of a concrete dam, an open channel excavated along the
ground surface, a closed cut and cover conduit placed through or under a dam,
or a tunnel excavated through an abutment.

 Terminal structure: to dissipate excess energy of the flow in order

to avoid scouring of the stream bed.
 Outlet channel: to safely convey the flow from the terminal structure
to the river channel
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