Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems

Chapter 00
Preface
Course Objective: The students will learn to design and analyze digital circuits used in VLSI chips.

Course Outcomes
Upon completion of the course, students shall be able to:

COs Statement POs

1. Design logical circuits and draw layouts for static CMOS circuits. PO2
2 Analyze the circuits and their layouts in terms of area occupied and
PO1, PO2
power dissipated
3. Perform DC and transit analysis of digital circuits. PO1, PO2
4. Design digital circuits using hierarchical concepts and arithmetic
PO2,PO3
circuits.
 Module-1 Teaching
Hours
An overview of VLSI: Complexity and Design, Basic concepts, Logic Design with MOSFETs: Ideal switches, Boolean operations,
MOSFETs, Switches, Basic, Complex gates in CMOS, Transmission Gate Circuits, Clocking and Data flow control.
10 Hours
Structure of CMOS Integrated Circuits: IC Layers, MOSFETs, CMOS Layers, Designing FET Array.

Module-2
Elements of Physical Design: Concepts, Layout of structures, Cell Concepts, FET Sizing and Unit Transistor, Physical Design
of Logic Gates, Design Hierarchies.
Electronic Analysis of CMOS Logic Gates: DC Characteristics of the CMOS Inverter, Inverter Switching characteristics, Power 10 Hours
dissipation, DC Characteristics, Transient response of NAND and NOR Gates, Analysis of Complex Logic Gates, Gates Design
for Transient Performance, Transmission Gates and Pass Transistors.
Module-3
Designing High Speed CMOS Logic Networks: Gate Delays, Driving Large Capacitive loads, Logic Effort, BiCMOS Drivers
Advanced Techniques in CMOS Logic Circuits: Mirrors Circuits, Pseudo-nMOS, Tri-State Circuits, Clocked CMOS, and 10 Hours
Dynamic CMOS Logic Circuits
Module-4
VLSI System Components: Multiplexers, Binary decoders, Equality Detectors and comparators, priority encoders, shift and
rotation operations, latches, D Flip-Flop.
10 Hours
[Self learning: latches] Arithmetic Circuits in CMOS VLSI: 1 bit adder circuits, ripple carry adders, carry Look ahead adders.

Text Book: 1. John P. Uyemura, “Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems”- John Wiley, 3rd Edition, 2002.
Reference Books:
1. Neil H E Weste, David Harris, Ayan Banerjee, “CMOS VLSI Design – A circuits and Systems perspective”,
Pearson Education, III Ed., 2006.
2. A.Albert Raj and T.Latha“VLSI Design” PHI,2008.
 Course Outline
• Chapter 01: An Overview of VLSI (Module-1)
• Chapter 02: Logic Design with MOSFETs (Module-1)
• Chapter 03: Physical Structure of CMOS Integrated Circuits (Module-1)
• Chapter 04: Fabrication of CMOS Integrated Circuits (Surpass)
• Chapter 05: Elements of Physical Design (Module-2)
• Chapter 06: Electrical Characteristics of MOSFETs (Surpass)
• Chapter 07: Electrical Analysis of CMOS Logic Gates (Module-2)
• Chapter 08: Designing High-Speed CMOS Logic Networks (Module-3)
• Chapter 09: Advanced Techniques in CMOS Logic Circuits (Module-3)
• Chapter 10: System Specifications Using Verilog HDL (Surpass)
• Chapter 11: General VLSI System Components (Module-4)
• Chapter 12: Arithmetic Circuits in CMOS VLSI (Module-4)
• Chapter 13: Memories and Programmable Logic (Surpass)
• Chapter 14: System-Level Physical Design (Surpass)
• Chapter 15: VLSI Clocking and System Design (Surpass)
 The Integrated Circuit
 1959: Jack Kilby, working at TI, invented a monolithic “integrated circuit”
» Components connected by hand-soldered wiresand isolated by “shaping”, PN-diodes used as
resistors (U.S. Patent 3,138,743)
 Integrated Circuits
 1961: TI and Fairchild introduce the first logic ICs ($50 in quantity)
 1962: RCA (Radio Corporation of America) develops the first MOS transistor

Fairchild bipolar RTL Flip-Flop RCA 16-transistor MOSFET IC

 Computer-Aided Design
1967: Fairchild develops the “Micromosaic” IC using CAD
Final Al layer of interconnect could be customized for different applications

1968: Noyce, Moore leave Fairchild, start Intel

 RAMs
 1970: Fairchild introduces 256-bit Static RAMs

 1970: Intel starts selling1K-bit Dynamic RAMs

Fairchild 4100 256-bit SRAM Intel 1103 1K-bit DRAM

 The Microprocessor
1971: Intel introduces the 4004
General purpose programmable computer instead of custom chip for Japanese calculator company