Writing 4

Lecturer: Võ Thị Thủy Chung

 Our Team

Trần Tố Linh Trương Thị Thu Huyền Ngô Thị Hòa Bình

Nguyễn Viết Phước Hoàng Công Phước Đoàn Trọng Tốn

Cause-effect
paragraph
 Content

Definition Method of Layout Language

presenting use Sample
the idea and analise
 1
What is the Cause-
effect paragraph?
In composition, cause and effect is
a method of paragraph or essay 
development in which a writer
analyzes the reasons for—and/or
the consequences of—an action,
event, or decision.
 2
Method of
presenting the idea
Block Point by point
 3
Layout
 Block

In the case of the block structure, each of the causes will be

outlined first, and the subsequent effects will follow.
Paragraph that discuss mainly (or only) causes or mainly
(or only) effects might have a transition paragraph between
blocks of different kinds of causes or between blocks of
different kinds of effects.
 Block
Topic sentence: introduces a cause- effect connection. A clear thesis
statement is one of most important part of paragraph. It tells the reader the
main idea of a paragraph.
 Supporting idea: In the block method, firstly, we focus on the cause,
provide all the points of this cause and give fact or example. Then we
focus on the effect subject, provide all the points of this subject and give
fact or example.
 Conclusion sentence: sums up the cause effect relationship.
Point by point
In the point by point structure, each cause will have the
corresponding effect following it and so on. In this pattern, causes
and effects are linked to each other in a chain. One event causes a
second event, which in turn causes a third event, which in turn
causes a fourth event, and so on. Each new cause and its effect are
links in a chain. Depending on the complexity of the ideas in each
link, you can devote an entire paragraph to one lillic, or you may
include several links in one paragraph, or you may desclibe the
entire chain in one paragraph.
Point by point
Topic sentence: introduces a cause- effect connection. A clear
thesis statement is one of most important part of paragraph. It
tells the reader the main idea of a paragraph.
 Supporting idea: In the point by point method, firstly, we focus
on the first cause, and then give effect of this cause and then
giving fact or an example.
 Conclusion sentence : sums up the cause effect relationship.
 4
Language use
 Causes
There are several reasons for
XYZ … (First, … Second…,
Finally, …)
There are two main factors. The
first factor …, Another factor …
The first cause is… / The next
cause is …
This XYZ leads to …
One possible cause is … ,
possible cause is …
Effects
Before… Now…
One effect is … Another effect is
…
Another result is …
They may feel/think/purchase …
As a consequence of ABC, XYZ
occurs / happens / etc.
Also,/ Too,/In addition
Thus,/Therefore,…
 5
Sample and
analise
Block paragraph
sample
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly increasing. This essay will discuss
the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem. In
Topic
my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating
habits. Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, sentence
have less physical
demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories
and gaining weight.the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat
Moreover,
irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the
adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.. The possible
effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity. First of all,
obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of
developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person's
metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases. Secondly,
overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens
their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an
obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal
weight. In conclusion, obesity causes a lot of negative effects on human health, the effects
of which are a wake-up call for those who are continuing this harmful lifestyle. Therefore,
limiting as well as eliminating negative causes is essential to make life positive and healthy.
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly increasing. This essay will discuss
the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem. In
my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating
Causes
habits. Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical
demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories
and gaining weight.the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat
Moreover,
irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the
adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.. The
First of all,
possible effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity.
obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of
developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person's
metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases. Secondly,
overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens
their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an
obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal
weight. In conclusion, obesity causes a lot of negative effects on human health, the effects
of which are a wake-up call for those who are continuing this harmful lifestyle. Therefore,
limiting as well as eliminating negative causes is essential to make life positive and healthy.
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly increasing. This essay will discuss
the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem. In
my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating
habits. Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical
demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories
Transition
and gaining weight.the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat
Moreover, sentence
irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the
adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.. The possible
effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity. First of all,
obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of
developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person's
metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases. Secondly,
overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens
their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an
obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal
weight. In conclusion, obesity causes a lot of negative effects on human health, the effects
of which are a wake-up call for those who are continuing this harmful lifestyle. Therefore,
limiting as well as eliminating negative causes is essential to make life positive and healthy.
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly increasing. This essay will discuss
the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem. In
my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating
habits. Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical
demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories
and gaining weight.the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat
Moreover,
Effects
irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the
adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.. The possible
effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity. First of all,
obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of
developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person's
metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases. Secondly,
overweight people are very unhealthy and often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens
their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an
obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal
weight. In conclusion, obesity causes a lot of negative effects on human health, the effects
of which are a wake-up call for those who are continuing this harmful lifestyle. Therefore,
limiting as well as eliminating negative causes is essential to make life positive and healthy.
Nowadays the number of overweight people is constantly increasing. This essay will discuss
the main reasons of this epidemic and then describe the possible effects of the problem. In
my opinion, the foremost causes of obesity are inactive lifestyle and unhealthy eating
habits. Today more and more people rely on cars instead of walking, have less physical
demands at work and prefer inactive leisure activities. This results in burning less calories
and gaining weight.the problem is accentuated by the growing number of people, who eat
Moreover,
irregularly and consume large portions of high-calorie food. For example, about 50% of the
adult population in Europe with so-called disordered eating suffer from obesity.. The possible
effects of this problem include physical health problems and loss of productivity. First of all,
obesity results in incorrect functioning of the human body and contributes to the risk of
developing some chronic illnesses. For example, as body fat percentage increases, the person's
Conclusion
metabolism worsens, which in turn may result in diabetes or heart diseases. Secondly,
overweight people are very unhealthy andsentence
often suffer from stress and tiredness. This lessens
their work capacity and results in lower productivity. For example, it has been proven that an
obese person needs to put more effort to complete some task than a person with normal
weight. In conclusion, obesity causes a lot of negative effects on human health, the effects
of which are a wake-up call for those who are continuing this harmful lifestyle. Therefore,
limiting as well as eliminating negative causes is essential to make life positive and healthy.
 Point by point
paragraph sample
 Global warming is one of the biggest concerns of people all around the world. One of
the most important reasons is a concern because of the rising temperatures of the
atmosphere every day.There are many reasons for the increasing temperature of the
planet. One of the biggest reasons for global warming is the emission of harmful
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and methane.There has been continuous emission of the
greenhouse gases by the activity of the humans. Some of the humans’ activities that
cause global warming are increasing automobiles, industrial activities and burning of
fossil fuels. All the activities emit carbon dioxide in the air, which increases the
temperature of the planet. The effects of global warming are visible in the environment
around us. It is causing glaciers to melt, temperatures to rise, climate changes and
unpredictable natural disasters. The increase in environmental temperature and climate
change on the planet has become evident in the last five decades. The concentration of the
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the earth has increased. Gases like water vapour,
carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, sulphur and nitrogen contribute to the greenhouse effect
increase.
People should come together and work toward solving the problem of global warming.
The most significant cause of increasing greenhouse gases in the planet’s atmosphere is
the burning of fossil fuels. These fossil fuels emit carbon dioxide in the environment,
which leads to an increase in greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases can absorb more
heat from various sources and warm the temperature of the planet. The effects that the
greenhouse gases have on the environment is called the greenhouse effect. When the
environment starts to heat, it leads to changes in the atmospheric temperature and the
changes in the sea level . Some of the changes in the atmosphere because of the
greenhouse gases are melting of glaciers, soil erosion, famine, natural disasters, and the
increase in the annual power of hurricanes. The changes in the environment that are
affecting the lives of all the living creatures on the planet. In conclusion, the huge
negative effects of global warming are obvious, natural disasters, floods. Therefore, we
need to take practical actions to limit as well as prevent these effects, especially from the
causes of global warming.
 Global warming is one of the biggest concerns of people all around the world. One of
the most important reasons is a concern because of the rising temperatures of the
atmosphere every day.There are many reasons for the increasing
Topic temperature of the
planet. One of the biggest reasons for global warmingsentence
is the emission of harmful
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and methane.There has been continuous emission of the
greenhouse gases by the activity of the humans. Some of the humans’ activities that
cause global warming are increasing automobiles, industrial activities and burning of
fossil fuels. All the activities emit carbon dioxide in the air, which increases the
temperature of the planet. The effects of global warming are visible in the environment
around us. It is causing glaciers to melt, temperatures to rise, climate changes and
unpredictable natural disasters. The increase in environmental temperature and climate
change on the planet has become evident in the last five decades. The concentration of the
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the earth has increased. Gases like water vapour,
carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, sulphur and nitrogen contribute to the greenhouse effect
increase.
 Global warming is one of the biggest concerns of people all around the world. One of
the most important reasons is a concern because of the rising temperatures of the
atmosphere every day.There are many reasons for the Cause 1 temperature of the
increasing
planet. One of the biggest reasons for global warming is the emission of harmful
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and methane.There has been continuous emission of the
greenhouse gases by the activity of the humans. Some of the humans’ activities that
cause global warming are increasing automobiles, industrial activities and burning of
fossil fuels. All the activities emit carbon dioxide in the air, which increases the
temperature of the planet. The effects of global warming are visible in the environment
around us. It is causing glaciers to melt, temperatures to rise, climate changes and
unpredictable natural disasters. The increase in environmental temperature and climate
change on the planet has become evident in the last five decades. The concentration of the
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the earth has increased. Gases like water vapour,
carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, sulphur and nitrogen contribute to the greenhouse effect
increase.
 Global warming is one of the biggest concerns of people all around the world. One of
the most important reasons is a concern because of the rising temperatures of the
atmosphere every day.There are many reasons for the increasing temperature of the
planet. One of the biggest reasons for global warming is the emission of harmful
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. SomeEffect greenhouse
1 gases are carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and methane.There has been continuous emission of the
greenhouse gases by the activity of the humans. Some of the humans’ activities that
cause global warming are increasing automobiles, industrial activities and burning of
fossil fuels. All the activities emit carbon dioxide in the air, which increases the
temperature of the planet. The effects of global warming are visible in the environment
around us. It is causing glaciers to melt, temperatures to rise, climate changes and
unpredictable natural disasters. The increase in environmental temperature and climate
change on the planet has become evident in the last five decades. The concentration of the
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the earth has increased. Gases like water vapour,
carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, sulphur and nitrogen contribute to the greenhouse effect
increase.
 Global warming is one of the biggest concerns of people all around the world. One of
Cause 2
the most important reasons is a concern because of the rising temperatures of the
atmosphere every day.There are many reasons for the increasing temperature of the
planet. One of the biggest reasons for global warming is the emission of harmful
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and methane.There has been continuous emission of the
greenhouse gases by the activity of the humans. Some of the humans’ activities that
cause global warming are increasing automobiles, industrial activities and burning of
People should come together and work toward solving the problem of global
fossil fuels. All the activities emit carbon dioxide in the air, which increases the
warming. The most significant cause of increasing greenhouse gases in the planet’s
temperature of the planet. The effects of global warming are visible in the environment
atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. These fossil fuels emit carbon dioxide in the
around us. It is causing glaciers to melt, temperatures to rise, climate changes and
environment, which leads to an increase in greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases
unpredictable natural disasters. The increase in environmental temperature and climate
can absorb more heat from various sources and warm the temperature of the planet.
change on the planet has become evident in the last five decades. The concentration of the
The effects that the greenhouse gases have on the environment is called the greenhouse
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the earth has increased. Gases like water vapour,
effect. When the environment starts to heat, it leads to changes in the atmospheric
carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, sulphur and nitrogen contribute to the greenhouse effect
temperature and the changes in the sea level .
increase.
People should come together and work toward solving the problem of global warming.
The most significant cause of increasing greenhouse gases in the planet’s atmosphere is
the burning of fossil fuels. These fossil fuels emit carbon dioxide in the environment,
which leads to an increase in greenhouse gases. The greenhouse
Effect 2 gases can absorb more
heat from various sources and warm the temperature of the planet. The effects that the
greenhouse gases have on the environment is called the greenhouse effect. When the
environment starts to heat, it leads to changes in the atmospheric temperature and the
changes in the sea level . Some of the changes in the atmosphere because of the
greenhouse gases are melting of glaciers, soil erosion, famine, natural disasters, and the
increase in the annual power of hurricanes. The changes in the environment that are
affecting the lives of all the living creatures on the planet. In conclusion, the huge
negative effects of global warming are obvious, natural disasters, floods. Therefore, we
need to take practical actions to limit as well as prevent these effects, especially from the
causes of global warming.
People should come together and work toward solving the problem of global warming.
The most significant cause of increasing greenhouse gases in the planet’s atmosphere is
the burning of fossil fuels. These fossil fuels emit carbon dioxide in the environment,
which leads to an increase in greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases can absorb more
heat from various sources and warm the temperature of the planet. The effects that the
greenhouse gases have on the environment is called the greenhouse effect. When the
Conclusion
environment starts to heat, it leads to changes in the atmospheric temperature and the
sentence
changes in the sea level . Some of the changes in the atmosphere because of the
greenhouse gases are melting of glaciers, soil erosion, famine, natural disasters, and the
increase in the annual power of hurricanes. The changes in the environment that are
affecting the lives of all the living creatures on the planet. In conclusion, the huge
negative effects of global warming are obvious, natural disasters, floods. Therefore, we
need to take practical actions to limit as well as prevent these effects, especially from the
causes of global warming.
Thanks for
watching!