Entrepreneurship Development

“What accounts for the rise of

civilization is not the external
resources such as markets, minerals
or factories but the entrepreneurial
spirit which exploits the resources__
a spirit found most often among
businessmen.”
David McClelland
 Defining Entrepreneur
The French root of the word- entrepreneurship means: "to
undertake, to attempt, to try in hand, to contract
for or to adventure."
“Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to the type of
personality who is willing to take upon herself or
himself a new venture or enterprise and accepts full
responsibility for the outcome”.
Irish economist, Richard Cantillon (1755)
"one who undertakes an enterprise, especially a
contractor, acting as intermediary between capital and
labour“.
Jean-Baptiste Say, a French economist (1800)
 Description of entrepreneurship
often synonymous with undertaker, innovator,
founder or leader
“A process of identifying, evaluating, seizing an
opportunity and bringing together the resources
necessary for success”.
Entrepreneurship is a process by which:
‘‘opportunities to create future goods and services
are discovered, evaluated, and exploited.’’
Observers see them as being willing to accept a
high level of personal, professional or financial risk
to pursue opportunity.
 Kinds of Entrepreneurs

Distinguished entrepreneurs may be:

"political entrepreneurs"

"market entrepreneurs"

“social entrepreneurs” and/ or

“environmental entrepreneurs”
 Tasks of Entrepreneur
 Combines the Factors of Production
 Intermediary between Capital & Labour
 Assumes high level of Personal, Professional &
Financial risk to pursue a responsibility
Job Contents:
 Leadership Drive
 Professionalism
 Financing
 Information Pooling
 Contact/ Socially connecting
 Entrepreneurs: Born or developed?
 They are the part of the system
 A given environment produces few or more
 They survive and flourish also under the
right environment
 The social values, culture, government
policies, political system, technology,
economic conditions, customs, laws, etc.
influence the growth of entrepreneurship
 Entrepreneurial Culture
• Implies a set of values, norms and traits that
are conducive to the growth of
entrepreneurship
 Sociologists
 Psychologists &
 Economists
Help out with
Theories, Models, Strategies &
Guidelines
for the Promotion of Entrepreneurship
 Entrepreneurship in Agriculture
Or Agripreneurship!!
Agriculture is a low-technology activity
dominated by small family farms
who are focusing on:
‘Doing things better’ not on ‘Doing new things’
But the changing circumstances
have cleared the way for
New Ventures, Innovation & Entrepreneurship
to be sustainable in the future
 Changes causing Entrepreneurship
• economic liberalization
• a reduced protection of agricultural markets
• fast changing, more critical, society
• changing consumer habits
• enhanced environmental regulations
• new requirements for product quality
• chain management
• food safety
• sustainability, and so on
 Indian Scenario of Farmers
• Family Farming with limited resources
• Traditional & Low-Tech. Methods
• Low Productivity & Low Profitability
• Dependence on Govt. agencies/ support
• Poor infrastructure in rural areas
• Exploited by Mahajans & Middlemen
• Low education, awareness & Inf. Sources
As a consequence, they get:
Poor leadership, poor professionalism and
poor entrepreneurship
 Entrepreneurship – A possible solution
• Utilize the rural resources for productive uses
• Investment on agricultural/ rural ventures
• Generation of Income & Employment
• Raise the standards of Edn., Health, etc. etc.
• A linkage with Market/ Industry/ MNCs
• Generate surpluses for the nation/ exports
• Provide the lead for eco. Reform in rural India
Examples: China, Indonesia, Vietnam . . .
 Entrepreneurial opportunities in Modern
Agriculture
Farming(on farm) Product Inputs Marketing Processing Facilitative
Marketing
Crop Wholesale Fertilizer Milk R&D
Dairy/Poultry/Goat Retail Agrl. Chemicals Fruits Marketing Inf.
Fish Commission Agent Seeds Vegetables Quality control
Rabbit Transport Machineries Paddy Insurance
vegetables Export Animal feed Sugarcane Energy
Flowers Finance Poultry hatchery Cashew  
Ornamental plants Storage Vet medicines Coir  
Palmrosa Consultancy Landscaping Poultry  
Fodder   Agrl. credit Cattle  
Sericulture   Custom service Tannery  
Agro-forestry   Bio-control units Brewery  
Beekeeping   Bio-tech units P. board  
Mushroom        
 Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development
• Lack of education and awareness
• Lack of resources and capital
• Lack of technology & modern methods
• Poor infrastructure in rural India
• Lack of vision, ambition & confidence
• Lack of innovation, skills and competence
• Risk avoiding tendency
• Tendency to use govt. agencies’ free services
• Procedural and legal obstacles
 Strategy for Promotion
• Development of awareness in users & providers
• Training & Development Infrastructure
• Institutional Infrastructure
• Financial Support
• Govt. support to make them competitive
• Policy and Legal Support for new ventures
• Infrastructural Support for new ventures
• Monitoring, registering & quality check system
• Partnership/ Networking for mutual sharing
• Linkage with research & educational institutes
 Who should do that?
 People/ beneficiaries themselves
 Government alone!
 Govt. & Private Sector!!
 Extension Services of Ed./R & D entities
 Inviting Sponsors/ NGOs/ Social workers
 Cooperative Movement
 Foreign Aid/ UN Agencies
 What has been done?
• Agri-clinics/ Agribusiness Centres (NABARD)
• Producers Organizations (NABARD) for farmers
• ICAR Education, Research & KVK network/ Extension workers
of Universities/ Institutes
• MANAGE (National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management)
• Information Portals of Govt. & Corporate sector
• National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj
(NIRDPR) under Union Ministry of Rural Development
• Syngenta Foundation India (SFI) uses Agri Entrepreneurship
(AE) model
• Initiative for Development of Entrepreneurs in Agriculture
(IDEA) an NEDFL Schemes, MINISTRY OF DEVELOPMENT OF
NORTH EASTERN REGION
 Some Startup examples
A recent spurt in Agri-preneurship is noticed:
India accounts for over 450 start-ups in the agriculture space and they raised nearly US$
248 million until June 2019 (NASSCOM)
• Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) project in the southern India
• dry-sowing experiment
• ‘EM3 Agri’, (Noida based company) provides pay per use farm services for every
stage of agri-production life cycle, including services related to land development,
seeding, sowing plant, plant care, and post-harvest services, thereby maximising
profit per unit of land for farmers.
• ‘Crofarm’ provides the farmers a better deal for their produce. It is a farm-to-
business venture that uses a combination of smart logistics solutions to minimise
post-harvest losses and help the farmers in better price discovery for their produce.
• ‘Gold Farm’ - a farm equipment aggregator, which partners with local entrepreneurs
who can invest in farm equipment. These farm equipment, in turn, are rented in
villages on an hourly basis. Thus, helping the farmers mechanise farming at nominal
costs.

Conclusion: Agri-tech startups in the world as well as India are bound to grow
(Accenture Report 2020)