AI Cloud Computing

IoT Big Data VR

INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

THE NEW DAWN

Department
P. BY MINTESINOTof MBA
GETACHEW
1IR 2IR 3IR 4IR

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Department
P. BY MINTESINOTof MBA
GETACHEW
Emerging Technologies
• Is a term generally used to describe a new technology
• Those currently developing, or that are expected to be available within the next five
to ten years.
• Usually reserved for technologies that are creating or are expected to create
significant social or economic effects.

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Some of emerging technologies
• Artificial Intelligence
• Blockchain
• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
• Cloud Computing
• Angular and React
• DevOps
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
• Big Data
• Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)

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Industrial Revolution
• Was a period of major industrialization and innovation.
• Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally changed and transfer
the world around us into modern society.
• The steam engine,
• The age of science and mass production, and
• The rise of digital technology
• Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.

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Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

• Transportation:
• The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The Airplane.
• Communication:
• The Telegraph, The Transatlantic Cable, The Phonograph, The Telephone.
• Industry:
• The Cotton Gin, The Sewing Machine, Electric Lights.

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Industrial Revolution
• The four types of industries are:
• The primary industry: involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
• The secondary industry: involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
• Tertiary industries: provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
• The quaternary industry: involves research and development industries e.g. IT.

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Historical Background OF IR
• The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to
the rest of Europe.

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INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTIONS

1. 1IR (First Industrial Revolution)

2. 2IR (Second Industrial Revolution)
3. 3IR (Third Industrial Revolution)
4. 4IR (Fourth Industrial Revolution)

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1IR
• Was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late
1700s and early 1800s.
• Manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories.
• Included going from hand production methods to machines.
• Mechanization through water power, steam power and coal energy.
• People moved from rural areas to big cities.
• The revolution started in England.

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2IR (American Industrial Revolution)
• Started between 1820 and 1870.
• The way items or products manufactured was changed.
• Mass production.
• Widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems such as telegraph and
railroad.
• Communication was enhanced.
• Electrical power was introduced.

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 3IR
(Digital Revolution)

• Began from the late 1950s.

• Digitalization.
• Wide use of digital logic circuit and it’s
derived technologies.

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4IR
• This revolution encloses todays cyber-physical system (CPS) technologies.
• The term was coined by Klaus Schwab.
• Robotics, Internet of things(IOT), autonomous vehicles.
• CPS is a mechanism that is controlled by computer-based algorithms, tightly
integrated with the Internet and its users.
• Today industries are equipped with Computer Numerical Controls (CNC) machine.
• Breakthrough of Artificial Intelligence (AI).

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Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Data is regarded as the new oil strategic asset.
• Determines the future of science, technology, the economy, the possibility of
everything in our world today and tomorrow.

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Enabling devices
• Digital electronic systems have four basic devices:
• Memory (store data's)
• Microprocessors (execute software instructions)
• Logic (device-to-device interfacing, signal processing, data display)
• Networks (connection of devices)
• Most electronic systems are equipped with programmable devices

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Services Enabling Devices (Network Equipment)

• They are network-related equipment such as:

• Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
• Modems
• Routers
• Switches
• Conferencing equipment
• Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
• Hosting equipment and servers

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Human to Computer Interaction
• Studies the design of interface between users and computers.
• How do humans interact with computers?

Through User Interface (UI)

• The study of HCI (HMI) focuses on user satisfaction by improving interaction.

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Disciplines Contributing to HCI
• Computer science
• Linguistics
• Engineering and design
• Artificial intelligence …etc.

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Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

• Emerging technology trends in 2019

 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

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 Do you think you are affected by
emerging technologies?

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CHAPTER TWO
DATA SCIENCE
P. BY MINTESINOT GETACHEW
An Overview of Data Science
• Multi-disciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms, and
systems to extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data.
• Applications :
 Targeting (marketing perspective)
 Predictions (ex. stock price, Balondor winner, business failure)
 Launching new product or service
 Time saving
 Make better decision (By analyzing data)

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Data and information
• Data is a raw/unprocessed facts or figures.
• Data can be represented with the help of:
• Alphabet (A-Z, a-z)
• Digit (0-9)
• Special characters (+, -, *, /, <, >, = …etc.)
• Information is processed form of data.

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 Data Processing Cycle
• Data processing is the re-structuring or re-ordering of data by people or machines.
• Data processing consists of the following basic steps:
 Input (preparation of data for processing)
 Processing ( changing data into useful form)
 Output (collecting the result of processing)

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 Data types and their representation
• Is the type of data that is going to be processed.
• Can be defined from diverse perspective.
 Programming perspective (operation, meaning, storage)
 Data Analytics perspective
1. Structured (data in tabular format, relationship exist between rows columns and tables)
Ex. SQL databases, Excel files
2. Semi-structured (use tags and other markers)
Ex. JSON and XML
3. Unstructured (Not organized in predefined manner)
Ex. Audio, Video, Image, Textual data, NoSQL databases
4. Metadata (Data about data)
Ex. When and where was the photo taken

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Data value Chain
• Is information flow within a big data system as a series of steps needed to generate
value and useful insights from data.
• Data value chain are
 Data Acquisition (gathering, filtering, cleaning)
 Data Analysis (Making raw data amenable to use in decision making)
 Data Curation
 active management of data. Include creation of content, selection, classification transformation,
validation and preservation
 Data Storage (Storing the processed data)
 Data Usage (Using the processed data to make decision)

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Basic concepts of big data
• Is a term for a collection of data sets so large and complex
• Big data is can be characterized by:
1. Volume: large amounts of data, Massive datasets
2. Velocity: Data is live streaming or in motion (Rapidity)
3. Variety: Data comes in many different forms from diverse sources
4. Veracity: Can we trust the data? How accurate is it? …etc.

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 THE 4 Vs OF BIG DATA

VOLUME VELOCITY
The size of the data
V1 V2 The speed with which data
Is generated.

BIG
DATA

VARIETY VERACITY
Different types of data. V3 V4 Trustworthiness of data
Accuracy

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Clustered Computing
• Is a set of loosely or tightly connected computers that work together so that, in
many respects, they can be viewed as a single system.
• Computer made up of computer.
• To better address high storage and computational capacity.
• Combining the resources of many smaller machines to get benefits such as:
1. Resource Pooling (storage space, CPU, memory)
2. High Availability (fault tolerance)
3. Easy Scalability (scalable by adding additional machine)
• Cluster can be handled by a software like YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator)

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Scaling Clustered Computing

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Hadoop and its Ecosystem
• An open-source framework intended to make interaction with big data.
• Allows for the distributed processing of large datasets across clusters of computers.
• Four key characteristics of Hadoop are:
1. Economical (ordinary computers can be used for data processing)
2. Reliable (resistant to hardware failure)
3. Scalable
4. Flexible (can store as much data as you need)

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Hadoop and its Ecosystem
• The core components of
Hadoop:
1. Data management
2. Access
3. Processing
4. Storage

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Big Data Life Cycle with Hadoop
• Ingesting data into the system: Transferring data from d/t source to Hadoop
• Processing the data in storage: Data is stored and processed
• Computing and analyzing data: analyzed by processing frameworks such as Pig,
Hive, and Impala.
• Visualizing the results: Accessing analyzed data.

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CHAPTER THREE
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

by Mintesinot Getachew 34
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
• The term Artificial Intelligence?
A man made thinking power.
• The branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which
can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions.
• Intelligence is composed of:
 Reasoning
 Learning
 Problem Solving
 Perception
 Linguistic Intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence
• An AI system is composed of an agent and its environment.
• An agent (e.g. robots, humans )
 Is anything that can perceive its environment through sensors and acts upon that environment
through effectors
• Machine perception is the ability to use input from sensors.

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Artificial Intelligence
• High-profile examples of AI:
 autonomous vehicles
 medical diagnosis
 High end games (chess, football games)
 Virtual assistance (Siri, Alexa, Cortana, Google assistance)

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Artificial Intelligence
• Need for Artificial Intelligence:
 To create expert systems
 Helping machines find solutions to complex problems
• Goals of Artificial Intelligence:
 Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence
 Replicate human intelligence
 Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself,
demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user.

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 AI AND ITS DISCIPLINES

Sociology Computer Psychology Neuron Sys- Biology Mathematics

Science tem Philosophy

AI
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Advantages of AI
• High Accuracy with fewer errors
• High-Speed (fast decision making)
• High reliability
• Useful for risky areas (such as defusing bomb, exploring ocean floor)
• Digital Assistant
• Useful as a public utility (self driving cars)

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Do you think AI has disadvantage?
• High Cost
• Can't think out of the box
• No feelings and emotions
• Increase dependence on machines
• No Creativity
• Unemployment

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History of AI
• Do you think AI is new technology?
• It is much older than you would imagine.

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 HISTORY OF AI
First Chabot: Second AI
Elisa Google Now
winner

1966 1990 2011

First AI Winner AI in home
Turing Machine Roomba

1950 1976 2002

1943 1972 1997 2015

Evolution of First intelligent IBM Deep Blue Amazon Echo
Artificial robot Wabot-1 First computer to
Neuron beat world chess
1956 1980 champion 2011
Birth of AI Expert System IBM Watson
Dartmouth Win quiz show
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History of AI
• Now AI has developed to a remarkable level.
• Nowadays companies like Google, Facebook, IBM, and Amazon are working with AI
and creating amazing devices.

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 THE SEVEN LEVELS OF AI MATURITY

PERCEPTION NOTIFICATION SUGGESTION AUTOMATION PREDICTION PREVENTION AWARENESS

What’s What do I What do you What should What can I What can I What do I
happening need to recommend? I always do? expect to avoid? need to do
now? know? happen? now?

CONTINUOUS LEARNING

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Types of AI

BASED ON CAPABILITIES BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY

Reactive Limited
Weak General
Machine Memory
Theory of Self
Strong
Mind Awareness

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Types of AI
• Based on Capabilities:
1. Weak AI - The most common and currently available AI (e.g. Siri, IBM Watson)
2. General AI - Could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like a human.
3. Super AI – These machines could surpass human intelligence (hypothetical)

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Types of AI
• Based on functionality:
1. Reactive Machines - focus on current scenarios and react on it (e.g. Google AlphaGo, IBM
deep blue)
2. Limited Memory - Store some data for short period of time (Self-driving cars).
3. Theory of Mind - Should understand human emotions, beliefs, and be able to interact social
like humans. (Still not developed, researchers are working on it)
4. Self-Awareness - Have their own consciousness, the future of AI (Hypothetical)

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How Humans think?
• Intelligence or cognitive process of human is composed of three main stages:
1. Observe and input the information or data in the brain.
2. Interpret and evaluate the input that is received from the surrounding environment.
3. Make decisions as a reaction towards what you received as input and interpreted and
evaluated.
• AI researchers are simulating the same stages.

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Mapping human thinking to artificial intelligence components

• Acquire information from their surrounding - sensing layer

• Reasoning and thinking about the gathered input – Processing
• Taking action or making decisions – Solve problems, Respond to user

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Influencers of artificial intelligence
 Big data: Structured data versus unstructured data
 Advancements in computer processing speed and new chip architectures
 Cloud computing: Delivery of on-demand AI services (AWS, IBM Cloud etc.) though internet
 The emergence of data science: extract knowledge or insights from data.

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Applications of AI
• It can solve complex problems in multiple industries such as:
1. Agriculture (crop monitoring, Detecting diseases)
2. Healthcare (Smart watches, diagnosing systems)
3. Education (Teaching assistant, Virtual reality)
4. Finance and Economics (chatbot, Prediction)
5. Gaming (Strategic games, PES)
6. Data security (AI2 Platform, AEG bot)
7. Communication (Twitter, Facebook, Telegram)
8. Transport (Suggesting the hotels, best routes)
9. Automotive Industry (Self driving cars, TeslaBot)
10. Robotics (Sophia, Erica)
11. Entertainment (Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Netflix

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AI tools and platforms
• Platforms are some sort of hardware architecture or software framework.
• Provide users a tool kit to build intelligent applications.
• The most common AI platforms are:
 IBM Cloud, Microsoft AZURE ML, Google Cloud Prediction API etc.

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Simple AI application
 Commuting (Google’s AI-Powered Predictions, Ridesharing Apps Like Uber and Lyft)
 Email (Spam Filters, Smart Email Categorization)
 Social Networking (Facebook auto tag, Snapchat facial filters)
 Online Shopping (Recommendations)
 Mobile use (Voice-to-Text, Personal Assistants)

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CHAPTER FOUR
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

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What is IoT ? IoT

• A network of Internet connected objects able to collect and exchange data.

• Network of devices that can sense, accumulate and transfer data over the internet
without any human intervention.

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IoT in Different Domains IoT

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History of IoT IoT

• It has not been around for very long, despite an attempt to communicate a machine
with another one in 1800.
• IoT was officially name in 1999.
• One of the first examples of an Internet of Things is Coca Cola machine.
• Kevin Ashton stated that Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was a prerequisite
for the Internet of Things.
• By the year 2013, the Internet of Things had evolved into a system using multiple
technologies.

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IoT − Advantages – ???????? IoT

• Improved Customer Engagement

• Technology Optimization
• Reduced Waste (provides real-world information)
• Enhanced Data Collection

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IoT – Disadvantages - ?????? IoT

• Confidential information could be hacked.

• Difficult for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other
(b/c of there is no international standard)
• Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers.

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Challenges of IoT IoT

• Security: The system offers little control over security.

• Privacy: IoT provides substantial personal data in extreme detail without the user's active participation.
• Complexity: In terms of design, deployment, and maintenance
• Flexibility: To integrate easily with another.
• Compliance: Must comply with regulations.

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How does it work? IoT

• consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded processors, sensors

and communication hardware.

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Architecture of IoT ? IoT

• Architecture of IoT devices comprises four major components:

1. Sensing - Motion, Environmental, Position
2. Network - Channel to transfer data
3. Data processing – Analyzing data to make decision
4. Application layers - User-centric layer

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Devices and Networks IoT

• A devices that connect wirelessly to a network and have the ability to transmit data.

• Consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded processors, sensors
and communication hardware.
• Such devices can be categorized into three groups:
1. Consumer (smart TV, toys, wearable, smart appliances, security systems)
2. Enterprise (smart sensors in conference room)
3. Industrial (those used to monitor traffic and weather conditions)

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IoT Tools and Platforms IoT

• IoT can’t function without software, including middleware, known as an IoT or IoT
platform.
• Is a multi-layer technology that enables straightforward provisioning, management,
and automation of connected devices within the Internet of Things.

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Some of IoT platforms IoT

• KAA: Is platform for device management, data collection, analytics and

visualization, remote control, software updates and more.
• SiteWhere: Facilitates the acquisition, storage, processing, and integration of device
data.
• ThingSpeak: Lets you collect and store sensor data in the cloud and
develop IoT applications.
• DeviceHive: Provides instruments for your smart devices communication and
management.

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Applications of IoT IoT

• Versatile nature of IoT makes it an attractive option for so many businesses and
organizations.
• Application areas (industries) of IoT
1. Agriculture: Indoor planting, crop monitoring
2. Consumer Use: Smartphones, smartwatches,
3. Healthcare: (wearable technologies, Telemedicine, Headsets that measure brainwaves)
4. Insurance: (Fire alert, Water Leak Detection, Stolen car trackers)
5. Manufacturing: (Maintenance of equipment)
6. Retail: (automated reports, robot)
7. Transportation: (autonomous cars)
8. Utilities: (monitor environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature)

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 IoT Based Smart
Home
• Remote Control Appliances
• Weather
• Smart Home Appliances
• Safety Monitoring
• Intrusion Detection Systems
• Energy and Water Use

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 IoT Based Smart City IoT

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CHAPTER FIVE
AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)

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WHAT IS AUGMENTED REALITY? AR

• Augmented reality (AR) is a field of computer research which deals with the
combination of real-world and computer-generated data.
• Is a form of emerging technology that allows users to overlay computer generated
content in the real world.
• It’s a blending of the real and virtual worlds.

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How does AR Work? AR

• Virtual content is aligned and registered with the real objects.

• The basic idea of AR is to superimpose graphics, audio and other sense
enhancements over a real-world environment in real-time.
• The graphics will then change to accommodate the user’s eye or head movements.
• HMDs are currently the dominant display technology in the AR field

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AR VR AND MR AR

• Most people get confused about those three terms.

• While both focus primarily on making more rich, interactive and fun audiovisual
experience for the user, the method in doing so is vastly different.

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Virtual Reality AR

• VR places the user in a whole new immersive, simulated environment.

• Users forgot real word for a period of time.
• Tricks your senses into thinking you’re in a different environment.
• Using a head-mounted display (HMD).

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Augmented Reality ???-image or vid AR

• Adds digital elements to a live view often by using the camera on a smartphone.
• Overlays augmented objects onto a real-life environment while enhancing our
senses and create a whole new environment to enjoy.
• We can try this technology using smartphones.
• Examples: Snapchat camera, Pokémon Go game.

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Mixed Reality (Hybrid Reality) - ???-image or vid AR

• Similar to AR in more ways.

• Although MR combines real and virtual world just like AR does, it takes things one
step further.
• Enhanced form of AR.
• Virtual objects are integrated into and responsive to the real world.
• Users can actually view and manipulate things from different angle such as
anatomy model.
• In MR you can play a virtual video game, grab your real-world water bottle, and
smack an imaginary character from the game with the bottle.

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The Architecture of AR System AR

• The first Augmented Reality Systems (ARS) were usually designed with a basis on
three main blocks:
1. Infrastructure Tracker Unit: collecting data, sending to processing unit.
2. Processing Unit: mix real with virtual content and send it to Visual unit.
3. Visual Unit (Video in & Video out): manage captured video for computer vision and image
processing.

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The Architecture of AR System AR

• Visual Unit can be classified into two types of system

1. Video see-through: video-mixing and displays the merged images on a closed-view HMD.
2. Optical see-through: merge the images within an open-view HMD

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Applications of AR Systems AR

• Education:

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