Solar Panel Tracker

Introduction :-
 In this modern world, Electricity is also added to the most
basic needs in everyone’s life.

 The graph of energy consumption is getting increased day by

day whereas the energy resources are diminishing parallel.

 In order to balance the scarcity for electricity, various sources

are used to generate electricity.

 For the generation of electricity, there are two ways: one is

by conventional method and other one is nonconventional
method.
 In its broadest sense, sustainable power source can be
achieved by using the solar power as source.

 Solar energy has the wide availability throughout the world.

 Even The sun has produced energy for billions of years.

 The sun’s rays may cat as an important source for the

generation of electricity by converting it into an electric power

 Some of the energy carriers like fossil fuels and nuclear fuels
are also used, but they are not renewable resources (i.e., they
are not ‘refilled’ by nature) and it is said to be non-
conventional.
Advantages of Solar Energy

• It is a Non-Conventional Fuel energy source.

• The Sun is a universal source.

• Free from Pollution.

• Cost of fuel is free.

-: there are two types in solar panel

Static panel -1
tracking panel -2
Static panel versus tracking panel

Current and voltage values of static and tracking

?How do Solar Panels Tracker Work
 A solar panel tracker senses the sun’s angle and moves
accordingly. This means that your solar panel will be angled more
towards the East in the morning and move Westward as the sun
moves across the sky and sets in the evening.

 The single axis solar tracker can move the angle of the tracker in
one direction as the day progresses.

 A dual axis tracker has two pivot directions. Like a single axis
solar tracker it moves East to West across the sky as the sun rises
and sets everyday, but it can also adjust itself in a North to South
direction as the sun’s position shifts throughout the year.
?advantages of a solar panel tracker

 Solar tracking panels have several great benefits. They are popular
because of some of the ways they improve on fixed solar panels. The
main benefits include:

 1. Efficiency

 The main draw of solar panels that follow the sun is that they are
significantly more efficient than fixed solar panels. A dual-axis solar
panel tracker may be as much as 40% more efficient than a fixed solar
panel. And even single-axis trackers can offer a 25% or more boost to
your solar power generation.
 2. Space Savings

 Solar panel tracking systems do not require much more space

than a fixed solar panel.

 3-The Economic return

 The country will purchase the excess energy generated

-: Tracker Components

 Servo Motor x 2

 Solar panel

 LDR’s X 4 (Light Dependent Resistor)

 Battery (6 to 12V) typically (+5V)

Mini Solar Panel 6V/250mA

• Physical Specification:

 Rating: 6Vdc/250mA

 Cell Type: Crystalline Silicon

 Cell Number: 12Cells

 Operating Temp: -20 ~ +60 C

 Dimension: 65mm x 165mm X 3.0mm

MG995 High Speed Metal Gear Dual Ball Bearing
Servo

 Specifications

 Weight: 55g

 Dimension: 40.7 x 19.7 x 42.9 mm approx.

 Stall torque: 8.5 kgf·cm (4.8 V ), 10 kgf·cm (6 V)

 Operating speed: 0.2 s/60º (4.8 V), 0.16 s/60º (6V)

 Operating voltage: 4.8 V - 7.2 V

 Stable and shock proof double ball bearing design.

 Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC.

Pulse width modulation
 LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
 This is a very small light sensor . It is called light sensor

 or photocell or LDR (light dependent sensor) or photo-resistor.

 Features

 Light resistance : ~1k Ohm

 Dark resistance : ~10k Ohm

 Max voltage : 150V

 Max power: 200mW

 Dimensions

1)2 x 10 x 12mm. 2)10 mm between pins. 3)31mm lead length.

Methodology

 The four LDR’s are placed at the two sides of solar panel and the Servo
Motor is used to rotate the solar panel

 The servo will move the solar panel

towards the LDR whose resistance

will be low, mean towards the LDR

on which light is falling, that way it

will keep following the light.

 And if there is same amount of light falling on both the LDR,
then servo will not rotate.

 The servo will try to move the solar panel in the position
where both LDR’s will have the same resistance means where
same amount of light will fall on both the resistors and if
resistance of one of the LDR will change then it rotates
towards lower resistance LDR.