CONNECTORS

BY LIC. ALBA COLQUE MIRANDA

17 MARCH, 2022
 CONNECTORS - CAUSE AND EFFECT

FUNCTION due to debido a, a causa de

because of idem
• They show the hence/thus porMEANING
ende, de ahí que
relationship between so(that) de modo que , así que
the cause of something
in order to para
and its result.
therefore/thereby por (lo)tanto, por consiguiente
since / as dado, puesto que
provided (that) siempre que
(un) likely (im) probable(mente)
it follows that se deduce que
As a result Como resultado
CONNECTORS - ADDING INFORMATION
• FUNCTION • MEANING
moreover más aún
Used to provide furthermore idem
additional information in addition to además de
to what has already
as well as así / tanto como
been mentioned.
besides / further además
and so on/forth etcétera
et cetera idem
too / also/ as well también
likewise del mismo modo
 CONNECTORS - CONTRASTING
• MEANING
• FUNCTION however sin embargo
in spite of/ despite a pesar de
Used to give opposite although/though aunque
information what has nevertheless no obstante
been said earlier in the nonetheless idem
text and which is also notwithstanding idem
true. unlike a diferencia de
whereas mientras que
on the one hand por una parte
on the other hand por otra parte
insted of/ rather than en vez/ en lugar de
irrespective of sin tomar en cuenta
CONNECTORS - TIME SEQUENCE
• MEANING
• FUNCTION already ya
beforehand de antemano
meanwhile mientras tanto
They show the time or in the meantime idem
sequence in which then/next entonces, luego
events occur-before, up(until) to now hasta hoy/el presente
during or after other so far idem
events. current(ly) actual(mente)
nowadays idem
as mientras
throughout a lo largo de
during durante
still aún, todavía
afterward(s) posteriormente,luego
CONNECTORS - LISTING
• FUNCTION • MEANING
former el primero (anterior
They indicate the furthermore idem
ordering in which latter el segundo(último)
first(ly) primero(mente)
events are mentioned.
last (ly) el/por último
then/next luego,siguiente
to sum up para resumir
above all sobre todo
first and foremost primero y lo más importante
last but not least por último ,pero no menos
importante
CONNECTORS - EMPHASIZING
• MEANING
• FUNCTION in fact de hecho
as a matter of fact idem
Used to highlight above all sobre todo
special and relevant actually en realidad

elements. even aún, incluso

indeed por cierto
at all en absoluto
at any rate de ningún modo
by all/any means de todas/ninguna formas/manera(s)
of course por supuesto
so/too/rather tan/demasiado/algo
N.B. Nota Bene (tomar nota)
 CONNECTORS - GIVING EXAMPLES
• FUNCTION
• MEANING
Used to explain a topic for instance por ejemplo
or illustrate an idea for example idem
through examples. e.g. idem (exempli gratia)
namely a saber
i.e. esto es (id est)
like/as como
including incluyendo
such as tal(es) como

• Source: English for Engineering Sciences by Aida Mercado Castellon and Lourdes Forest de Torrez. Fouth Edition 2014.