CONNECTORS

BY LIC. ALBA COLQUE MIRANDA

2 9 J U LY, 2 0 2 1
 CONNECTORS - CAUSE AND
EFFECT
FUNCTION MEANING
due to debido a, a causa de
 They show the because of idem
relationship between the hence/thus por ende, de ahí que
cause of something and so(that) de modo que , así que
its result. in order to para
therefore/thereby por (lo)tanto, por consiguiente
since / as dado, puesto que
provided (that) siempre que
(un) likely (im) probable(mente)
it follows that se deduce que
CONNECTORS - ADDING
INFORMATION
• FUNCTION • MEANING
moreover más aún
Used to provide additionalfurthermore idem
information to what has in addition to además de
already been mentioned.
as well as así / tanto como
besides / further además
and so on/forth etcétera
et cetera idem
too / also/ as well también
likewise del mismo modo
 CONNECTORS - CONTRASTING
• MEANING
• FUNCTION however sin embargo
in spite of/ despite a pesar de
Used to give opposite although/though aunque
information what has been nevertheless no obstante
said earlier in the text and nonetheless idem
which is also true. notwithstanding idem
unlike a diferencia de
whereas mientras que
on the one hand por una parte
on the other hand por otra parte
insted of/ rather than en vez/ en lugar de
irrespective of sin tomar en cuenta
CONNECTORS - TIME SEQUENCE
• MEANING
• FUNCTION already ya
beforehand de antemano
meanwhile mientras tanto
They show the time or in the meantime idem
sequence in which events then/next entonces, luego
occur-before, during or up(until) to now hasta hoy/el presente
after other events. so far idem
current(ly) actual(mente)
nowadays idem
as mientras
throughout a lo largo de
during durante
still aún, todavía
afterward(s) posteriormente,luego
CONNECTORS - LISTING
• FUNCTION • MEANING
former el primero (anterior
They indicate the ordering furthermore idem

in which events are latter el segundo(último)

first(ly) primero(mente)
mentioned.
last (ly) el/por último
then/next luego,siguiente
to sum up para resumir
above all sobre todo
first and foremost primero y lo más importante
last but not least por último ,pero no menos importante
CONNECTORS - EMPHASIZING
• MEANING
• FUNCTION in fact de hecho
as a matter of fact idem
Used to highlight special above all sobre todo
and relevant elements. actually en realidad
even aún, incluso
indeed por cierto
at all en absoluto
at any rate de ningún modo
by all/any means de todas/ninguna formas/manera(s)
of course por supuesto
so/too/rather tan/demasiado/algo
N.B. Nota Bene (tomar nota)
 CONNECTORS - GIVING EXAMPLES
• FUNCTION
• MEANING
Used to express ideas. for instance por ejemplo
for example idem
e.g. idem (exempli gratia)
namely a saber
i.e. esto es (id est)
like/as como
including incluyendo
such as tal(es) como

• Source: English for Engineering Sciences by Aida Mercado Castellon and Lourdes Forest de Torrez. Fouth Edition 2014.