Model Question Paper

MODULE IV
I. Carbon Composition Resistor
II. Wire Wound Resistor
III. Metal Film Resistor
IV. Carbon Film Resistor
Non-Linear Resistors
J=5%
Colour Coding of Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor
Ceramic / Disc Capacitors
Paper Capacitor
.
.
 Reverse Breakdown Mechanisms
a)Zener breakdown occurs when the electric field is sufficiently high to pull an
electron out of a covalent bond (to generate an electron-hole pair).
 Occurs in heavily doping semiconductor
 Breakdown voltage is less than 6V
 Temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage is negative
 Carriers generated by electric field---field ionization

b)Avalanche breakdown occurs when the minority charge carriers electrons and holes
gain sufficient kinetic energy (due to acceleration by the E-field) to cause electron-
hole pair generation upon colliding with the lattice.
 Occurs in lightly doping semiconductor
 Breakdown voltage is more than 6V
 Temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage is positive
 Carriers generated by collision
Operation of a NPN Transistor
Operation of a PNP Transistor
Operation of a PNP Transistor
NPN Transistor CB Configuration
NPN Transistor CC Configuration
Relation between α, β and γ
Tutorial 1
1. For the samples given below specify the nominal value, tolerance, maximum and minimum value.

(a) A resistor coloured Brown, Black, Brown , Gold

(b) A resistor coloured Brown, Black, Brown , Red, Silver

(c) A capacitor with code 104K

2. In a particular transistor the collector current is 5.6mA and the emitter current is 5.75mA. Determine the
value of α.

3. Determine the value of β if α = 0.99.

4. A transistor has α = 0.98. If emitter current of the transistor is 2mA, determine the base current and gain
factor β.

5. A BJT has a collector current of 4mA and base current of 20µA. Determine the value of β.