CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

BT - 101

Engineering Chemistry

TOPIC – Beer Lambert’s Law

SUBMITTED BY :- SUBMITTED TO :-
PARTH SINGH (0832IT211043) Dr. Ruma Arora Soni
 The Beer – Lambert
Law
• When a monochromatic light of initial intensity Io passes through a
solution in a transparent vessel, some of the light is absorbed so that the
intensity of the transmitted light I is less than Io. There is some loss of light
intensity from scattering by particles in the solution and reflection at the
interfaces, but mainly from absorption by the solution.
• The relationship between I and Io depends on the path length of the
absorbing medium, /, and the concentration of the absorbing solution , c.
These factors are related in the laws of Lambert and Beer.
 Lambert’s Law
When a ray of monochromatic light passes through
an absorbing medium its intensity decreases
exponentially as the length of the absorbing
medium increases
I=Ioe-k1L
 Beer’s Law

When a monochromatic light passes through an

absorbing medium its intensity decreases
exponentially as the concentration of the
absorbing medium increases.

I=Ioe -k2c
These two laws are combined together in
the Beer – Lambert Law

I=Ioe -k3cl
 Transmittance
The ratio of intensities is known as the
transmittance (T) and this is usually expressed
as percentage.
Percent T = I/Io 100 = e-k3cl
 Extinction
If logarithms are taken of the equation
instead of a ratio then:
LogeIo/I = k3cl
Log10Io/I = k3cl/2.303
Log10Io/I = kcl
• The expression log10 Io/I is known as the extinction
(E) or absorbance (A). The extinction is sometimes
referred as optical density.
• Therefore,
• A (or) E = k cl
• Where k is molar extinction co-efficient for the
absorbing material at wave length I, c=molar
concentration of the absorbing solution ,/ = path
length in the absorbing material in cm.
• If the Beer – Lambert law is obeyed
correctly and is kept constant, then a plot
of extinction against concentration gives
a straight line passing through the origin.
• Extinction, E= log10 Io/I
Transmittance
Extinction