ANALYSIS OF RATES

 THEPROCESS OF DETERMINING THE RATES

OF A PARTICULAR ITEM OF WORK LIKE
EXCAVATION OF EARTH,
PCC,RCC,BRICKWORK ETC IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING PROJECTS IS CALLED RATE
ANALYSIS.
 2. FACTORS AFFECTING RATE ANALYSIS :

(I) SPECIFICATIONS OF WORKS AND MATERIAL ABOUT

THEIR QUALITY, PROPORTION AND CONSTRUCTION
METHOD.
(II) QUANTITY OF MATERIALS AND THEIR COSTS.
(III) COST OF LABOURS AND THEIR WAGES.
(IV) LOCATION OF SITE OF WORK AND THE DISTANCES
FROM SOURCE AND CONVEYANCE CHARGES.
(V) OVERHEAD AND ESTABLISHMENT CHARGES
(VI) CONTRACTOR’S PROFIT
OVERHEAD COSTS :
- GENERAL OFFICE EXPENSES
- RENTS
- TAXES
- SUPERVISION AND OTHER COST
A-GENERAL OVERHEADS :
ESTABLISHMENT (OFFICE , STAFF)
STATIONARY, PRINTING, POSTAGE ETC
TRAVELLING EXPENSES
TELEPHONE BILLS
RENT & TAXES
B- JOB OVERHEADS :
 SUPERVISION (SALARY OF TECHNICAL STAFF ON SUPERVISION)
 HANDLING OF MATERIAL
 REPAIR,CARRIAGE AND DEPRECIATION OF T & P
 AMENITIES FOR LABOUR
 WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION ,INSURANCE
 INTEREST ON INVESTMENT
 LOSSES ON ADVANCES
CONTRACTOR’S PROFIT (C.P):
(I) CONTRACTORS PROFIT ( 6-8 %) +
(II) OVERHEADS (5-10%)
REASONABLE C.P- 10-15 %
ALLOWED C.P IN RATE ANALYSIS - 10 % PWD, 15 % CPWD
 3. PURPOSE OF ANALYSIS OF RATES:

1. TO WORK OUT THE ACTUAL COST OF PER UNIT OF THE

ITEMS TO QUOTE FOR TENDERS.
2.TO JUSTIFY TENDERS BEFORE ACCEPTANCE 3. TO WORK
OUT THE ECONOMICAL USE OF MATERIALS AND
PROCESSES .
4. TO WORK OUT THE COST OF EXTRA ITEMS WHICH ARE
NOT PROVIDED IN THE CONTRACT BOND
5. TO REVISE THE SCHEDULE OF RATES DUE TO INCREASE
IN THE COST OF MATERIAL AND LABOUR OR DUE TO
CHANGE IN TECHNIQUE.
4. PROCEDURE ADOPTED FOR ANALYSIS OF RATES :
(I) MATERIAL INCLUDING TRANSPORTATION
(II) LABOUR – SKILLED AND UNSKILLED BOTH
(III) HIRE CHARGES ON T& P
-(I), (II) & (III) ARE ADDED TOGETHER. THEN ..
(IV) ADD SUNDRIES (UNIMPORTANT ITEMS TO MENTION) – LUMPSUM
SPECIFIED
(V) ADD WATER CHARGES (1 TO 1-1/2 %) - CPWD (1%)
(VI) ADD GOODS AND SERVICES TAX ( 5-18 %)
(VII) ADD CP (10-15 %)
(VIII) ADD LABOUR CESS (1 %) – LAST ITEM TO BE ADDED
COST OF LABOUR -TYPES OF LABOUR, STANDARD
SCHEDULE OF RATES:
THE LABOUR CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN TO
1) SKILLED – 1’ST CLASS (30 %)
2) SKILLED – 2’ND CLASS (70 %)
3) UNSKILLED
WAGES ON THE BASIS OF MR /LABOUR COMMISSIONER
OFFICE
5. TASK OR OUT TURN WORK IS DEFINED AS ;
 CAPACITY OF DOING WORK BY AN ARTISAN OR SKILLED
WORKER IN THE FORM OF QUANTITY OF WORK PER DAY
 VARIES ON THE BASES OF NATURE, SIZE,
HEIGHT,SITUATION,LOCATION
 6. RATES OF MATERIALS AND LABOURS :
• 1ST CLASS BRICKS = RS 6000 PER 1000 NOS.
• 2ND CLASS BRICKS = RS 5500 PER 1000 NOS.
• BRICK BALLAST = RS 800 PER CUM
• COARSE SAND = RS 1500 PER CUM
• CEMENT 50 KG BAG = RS 400 PER BAG
• TWISTED BARS = RS 5000 PER QUINTEL
• BITUMEN = RS 10 PER KG
• Mason = Rs 500 per day
• Plaster = Rs 500 per day
• Carpenter = Rs 600 per day
• Bhishti = Rs 350 per day
• Mazdoor = Rs 350 per day
• Painter = Rs 400 per day
7. LABOUR REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT WORKS :
• Earth work in excavation: Mazdoor = 33 (% cum)
Mason = 1.5
• Earth work in Filling : Mazdoor = 18 (% cum)
Mason = 0.5
• Cement concrete : Mazdoor = 15 in foundation
Mason =1.5 Bhishti = 2
• CEMENT CONCRETE :
MAZDOOR = 15 ; MASON = 1 ; BHISHTI = 2.5 ;

• R. CEMENT CONCRETE : (10 CUM )

MAZDOOR = 40; MASON = 2.5 ; BHISHTI = 5 ;
BLACKSMITH = 4; CARPENTER = 4

• DPC : (10 CUM )

MAZDOOR = 2.5 ; MASON = 1.5 BHISHTI = 0.5

• 1ST CLASS BRICK WORK :

MAZDOOR = 15 MASON = 8 BHISHTI
=2
• PLASTERING WORK : ( 100 SQM)
MAZDOOR = 10 MASON = 10 BHISHTI = 2
• DISTEMPERING/PAINTING/WHITE WASHING :
MAZDOOR = 5 ( 100 SQM) PAINTER = 4
EXAMPLE 1. FIND OUT DRY MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR 1 CU
M. C. CONCRETE 1:4:8 IN FOUNDATION.
SOLUTION. RATIO = 1:4:8 (CEMENT,SAND AND
AGGREGATE)
SUM = 1+4+8=13
TOTAL DRY MORTAR FOR 1 CU M CEMENT CONCRETE
=1.54 CU M
THEREFORE THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS ARE REQUIRED:
CEMENT = (1*1.54*28.8)/13 = 3.41 BAGS
SAND = (4*1.54)/13 = 0.47 CU M
Aggregate (Brick ballast) = (8*1.54)/13
= 0.94 cu m
so materials for 1 cu m cement concrete 1:4:8.
Cement 3.41 bags
Sand 0.47 cu m Ans.
Brick ballast 0.94 cu m
Example 2. Find out dry materials for 1 cu m lime concrete.
Solution: Ratio = 1:2 (lime,surkhi)
Sum = 1+2 =3
Total dry mortar for 1 cu m lime concrete = 0.40 (lime, surkhi mortar)
Therefore the following materials are required.
Lime = (1*0.40)/3 = 0.13 cu m
Surkhi = (2*0.40)/3 = 0.27 cu m
Aggregate (brick ballast) = 1.00 cu m
Materials required for1 cu m lime cocrete 1:2
Lime 0.13 cu m
Surkhi 0.27 cu m Ans.
Brick ballast 1.00 cu m
8. ANALYSIS OF RATES OF DIFFERENT ITEMS OF WORK.
1. Excavation for foundation:
(a)Materials at the site for % cu m nil No material is required (b) labour for %
cu m Mazdoor 33 nos.@ 250.00/day = 8250.00 ;
Mason 1 no. @ 450.00 = 450.00 ;
Sundries and Tand P 3% on labour = 261.00 Total =
8961.00
(c)Add 10% contractor’s profit = 896.10
Grand total =9857.10 say Rs. = 9857.00
Rate per % cu m = Rs. 9857.00
- ADD FOLLOWING IN RIGHT SEQUENCE : (PL SEE EX. 3 )
- 1 % WATER CHARGES TO BE ADDED ;
- GST TO BE ADDED
- LABOUR CESS TO BE ADDED
2. EARTH FILLING UNDER FLOORS RATE PER % CU M
(A)MATERIALS AT SITE FOR %CU M (NO MATERIAL IS REQUIRED) =
NIL
(B) LABOUR FOR % CU M
MAJDOOR (18NOS.@350.00/DAY ) = 6300.00
BHISHTI (1/2NO.@350.00/DAY ) = 175.00
(C) SUNDRIES AND T AND P 3% ON LABOUR 6475.00 = Rs194.25 P
TOTAL = 6669.25
(D) ADD 10% CONTRACTOR’S PROFIT = 666.93

G.TOTAL = SAY RS 7336/- ;

RATE PER % CU M = RS. 7336.00
- ADD FOLLOWING AT THEIR RIGHT PLACE :
- 1 % WATER CHARGES TO BE ADDED
- GST TO BE ADDED
- LABOUR CESS TO BE ADDED
3. RATE ANALYSIS AS PER CPWD METHOD :
1:2:4 (1 CEMENT : 2 COARSE SAND (ZONE-III) : 4 GRADED
STONE AGGREGATE 20 MM NOMINAL SIZE) :
DETAILS OF COST FOR 1 CUM :
MATERIAL :
0295 STONE AGGREGATE (SINGLE SIZE) :
20 MM NOMINAL SIZE - CUM 0.67 1350.00 904.50
0297 STONE AGGREGATE (SINGLE SIZE) :
10 MM NOMINAL SIZE - CUM 0.22 1350.00 297.00
2202 CARRIAGE OF STONE AGGREGATE BELOW 40 MM
NOMINAL SIZE- - CUM 0.89 103.77 92.36
0982 Coarse sand (zone III) - cum 0.445 1350.00 600.75
2203 Carriage of Coarse sand - cum 0.445 103.77 46.18
0367 Portland Cement (0.2225 cum) - tonne 0.32 4940.00 1580.80
2209 Carriage of Cement - tonne 0.32 92.24 29.52
LABOUR :
0155 Mason (average) - day 0.10 709.00 70.90
0114 Beldar day 1.63 558.00 909.54
0101 Bhisti day 0.70 617.00 431.90
0002 Hire charges of Concrete Mixer 0.25 to 0.40 cum CAPACITY with
hooper - day 0.07 800.00 56.00
0012 Vibrator(Needle type 40mm) - day 0.07 370.00 25.90
9999 Sundries L.S. 14.30 2.00 28.60
TOTAL 5073.94 (W)
ADD 1 % WATER CHARGES ON "W" 50.74
TOTAL 5124.68 (X)
ADD GST ON "X" (MULTIPLYING FACTOR 0.1405) 720.02
TOTAL 5844.70 (Y)
Add 15% CPOH on "Y" 876.70
TOTAL 6721.40 (Z)
ADD LABOUR CESS @ 1% ON "Z" 7.21 COST OF 1 CUM. 6788.62
SAY 6788.60