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ROOM NAME: WESTON3103
Lecture 6
Valves and Process Control
Signals
CHEMICAL PROCESS MODELLING, INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL
 Learning and Teaching Outcomes

Class:
• Gain and understanding of different types of
valves
• An insight into how process control signals
work
Module Structure

Process Control: Process

Instrumentation:
Optimisation:
Weeks: 10 - 15 Weeks: 16 - 21 & 26 - 31 Weeks: 32 - 37

Peter Weston Tim Breikin Peter Weston

 Instrumentation

Week Lecture Tutorial Laboratory

Introduction to Module and Basic Instruments in Research: Wind
10  
Instrumentation Tunnel
Instruments in Chemical
11 Flow Instruments  
Engineering: A.D
Temperature Sensors & Risk
12 Temperature Instruments  
Assessment

13 P&ID   Temperature Sensors (2hr)

14 Level Instruments  

15 Valves & inputs/outputs   Tank Level Control (2hr)

  Valves are mechanical devices that are designed
to control, start, stop, mix the flow, pressure,
or temperature of process fluids.

 Valves can be designed for either liquids or

Valves gases.

Background
 Can range in diameter from 6 mm to 1200 mm:
in process industry 90% of valves are 4 in or
less due to pipe sizes.

 Most common types are: gate, plug, ball,

butterfly, check, pressure-relief and globe.
Valves Background

 the difference between a small and large

ball valve
 Valves for Isolating/Blocking

 Fitted to process primarily for maintenance and

safety purposes.

 Often used to shutdown processes.

 Or to isolate, drain or vent vessels to allow for

maintenance to be performed safely.

 Normally used in fully open or fully closed Gate valve: Closed and Open
Socrative: Part 1

A storage tank containing benzene is required to undergo a routine

maintenance.

The tanks needs to be drained and isolated.

Q1. Explain where you would locate the gave valves and describe the

filling and draining sequence? Discuss how this would be controlled?

Ball Valve

 A type of ¼ or 90° turn valve.

 Essentially a solid ball with an orifice through the middle

which is the same size as the pipe diameter.

 The ball is pivoted through 90° and the amount the valve
is open depends on the location of the hole in the ball to
pipe.
 Control Valves

Control valves can regulate the flow of a fluid through a pipe.

Rather than isolation/block valves which usually operate as

either on/off.

Consists of a valve, stem, plug, seat and an actuator.

The valve opens or closes in response to an external signal:

pneumatic, electric or motor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjfBXeoPKsU
  Allows for the fluid or gas flow to be
throttled in the process. Control valves could be
used for the following situations:

Control Valves 1. Maintain a constant level in a vessel

2. Ensure the right level of heat is supplied to

keep a constant temperature

3. To regulate the flow of reagents

 Available as an e-book through the
library, I would recommend reading
Process Control chapters 1 and 2 before next week.
Basics
 Process control is essentially the building of automated
systems to control processes.

This could be for improve the product quality, maximise

production rate, for safety or increase profit.

Process
Control To do this control strategies utilising instruments are
required. This includes :

Basics Sensors - that measure variables (pressure, flow,

temperature, level, flowrate)

Controllers - that measure the variable against a set-point

and output a signal to correct the deviation.

Final control elements - such as control valves which

correct the deviation.
 Process Control Basics

The most common signals used are:

analog: pneumatic (3 - 15 psig)
electronic (4 - 20 mA or 0 -5 V signal)
digital: smart transducers

Instrumentation specifications will include information on what signal are inputted or outputted.

Signal converters are used to convert to different formats.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEnRRI7XXRs&list=PL
DiXbC2f4yX1MDpoxb6j26PTzmkRp5Qxi
Socrative 2:

Q2. Identify each instrument on the Figure?

Q3. What parameter is the set point for the system?

Q4. Use the diagrams to explain the feedback control loop

and how the control valve operates to maintain the

temperature at the set-point and what type of signals are used?
 Socrative 3:
Q5. Identify each instrument on the

Figure?

Q6. Use the diagrams to explain the

control and how the system maintains

the outlet temperature?

Q7. What do you think is meant by

primary and secondary?

 Lab Preparation

IMPORTANT

Before attending this week’s temperature lab you should:

1. Read the coursework specification (available in the assessment tab).

2. Think about designing the experiment.
3. Assess the potential risks using the Risk Assessment.
 Tank Level Lab

Before the lab After the lab

• Read all assessment documentation
• Inspect the datasheets
During the lab
• Take photos of the experimental rig
• Ensure all data is collected, recorded and saved.
• Review the assignment questions as you proceed
• Make sure you can access the data
• Start answering questions
• Drop-in session – TBC
• Send a draft before the end of Semester 1 for
comments and feedback
 Learning and Teaching Outcomes

Class:
• Gain and understanding of different types of
valves
• An insight into how process control signals
work