Noise & Vibration

Introduction

Name

Department/Designation

Experience (Years)
Objective
What is Hazard & Risk

How to counter vibration risk Recognizing & Mitigating Risks

Ill effect of vibrations What is Noise & its sources

Reason for vibrations Ill effects of noise

What is Vibration Mitigating the Noise risk

Hazard & Risk
 Definition

Hazard The potential to cause harm or damage

Risk The chance of that harm occurring

Potential Severity of Harm

Calculated
(the consequence – or damage) X Likelihood of Event
as
Occurring
Identify the hazards !!!

6
Noise
 What is Noise ?

Noise is any sound independent of loudness which can produce an undesired physiological or
psychological effect in an individual.
Word ‘NOISE’ is derived from Latin word ‘NAUSEA’ which means feeling sickness
Noise is a type of sound which:

Caries no
information

Undesirable &
Random
Unwanted
Occupational Noise

“Noise related to any occupation is called OCCUPATIONAL NOISE” Workers

who operate, service or maintain vehicles, equipment's & machinery are
exposed to occupational noise.

Ex- Cement & Concrete industries, Printing press, Sheet Metal industries, Gear
manufacturing plants, Construction sites.

Measure of Noise : ‘DECIBEL’(dB) is used to measure the intensity of sound.

Sources Of Noise

1. Stationary Sources:-
• Iron & Steel plants, Textile mills, Printing presses,
Workshops, Metal Industries, use of loudspeakers in
festivals

2. Mobile Sources:-

• Road traffic, Railway traffic, Aero traffic, Marine vehicles,

Agriculture machines
Standard And Guideline

The Central Pollution Control Board constituted a Committee on Noise Pollution

Control.
The Committee recommended noise standards for ambient air and for
automobiles, domestic appliances and construction equipment's, which were later
notified in Environment(Protection) Rules,1986.

Code Category of area Day Time Night Time

(dB A) (dB A)
A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55 Note : 1.Day time is reckoned in
between 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.
2.Nighttime is reckoned in between 9
C Residential area 55 45 p.m. and 6 a.m.
D Silence Zone 50 40
Effects of Noise
• Hearing impairment
• Hypertension
• Heart disease
Physiological • Lowering the concentration and effect on memory
Effects • Muscular strain and nervous breakdown

• Depression & Fatigue

• Mental Stress
• Frustration
Psychological • Sleep Interference
Effects
Other Health Effects

a) Communication Disturbance
b) Habit of talking loudly

“Traffic noise alone is harming the

health of almost every third person in
the WHO European Region.”
 Control of Noise
Noise can be controlled at three levels:

1. Reducing the sound produced.

2. Interrupting the path of the sound.

3. Protecting the recipient .

Noise can also be controlled by following:

1. Reducing Impact Force.

2. Reduce Speed and Pressure.

3. Reducing Friction b/w Machine Parts.

4. Isolate & Damper Vibrating Elements.

5. Providing Mufflers/Silencers.

6. Highways could be routed away from populated areas.

7. Maximum germination of green plants or vegetation.

 When To Use Hearing Protection ?

Exposure to noise Implement effective

Hearing protection
levels over 85 dB can Hearing Conservation
required at 90 dB
cause hearing loss Program
Hearing Protection Types?
Video on effects of Noise
Vibration
What is Vibration ?

Vibration is to & fro motion of a particle about an equilibrium position in any elastic body.

Examples
Types Of Vibration ?
Free Vibration: When a mechanical system is set in motion with an initial input & then let free to
move then it is known as free vibration.

Forced Vibration: When an external force is applied periodically or randomly causing the system to
vibrate then it is known as forced vibration.
Reasons for Vibration in Mechanical System
Imbalance:  A “heavy spot” in a rotating component will cause vibration when the unbalanced weight rotates
around the machine’s axis, creating a centrifugal force. Imbalance could be caused by manufacturing defects
(machining errors, casting flaws) or maintenance issues (deformed or dirty fan blades, missing balance
weights). As machine speed increases, the effects of imbalance become greater. Imbalance can severely reduce
bearing life as well as cause undue machine vibration.
Reasons for Vibration in Mechanical System
Misalignment/shaft runout – Vibration can result when machine shafts are out of line. Angular misalignment
occurs when the axes of (for example) a motor and pump are not parallel. When the axes are parallel but not
exactly aligned, the condition is known as parallel misalignment. Misalignment may be caused during
assembly or develop over time, due to thermal expansion, components shifting or improper reassembly after
maintenance. The resulting vibration may be radial or axial (in line with the axis of the machine) or both.
Reasons for Vibration in Mechanical System
Wear – As components such as ball or roller bearings, drive belts or gears become worn, they may cause
vibration. When a roller bearing race becomes pitted, for instance, the bearing rollers will cause a vibration
each time they travel over the damaged area. A gear tooth that is heavily chipped or worn, or a drive belt that is
breaking down, can also produce vibration.  
Reasons for Vibration in Mechanical System
Looseness – Vibration that might otherwise go unnoticed may become obvious and destructive if the
component that is vibrating has loose bearings or is loosely attached to its mounts. Such looseness may or may
not be caused by the underlying vibration. Whatever its cause, looseness can allow any vibration present to
cause damage, such as further bearing wear, wear and fatigue in equipment mounts and other components.
Why Vibration is a Hazard?
Vibration in tools & equipment's may lead to serious health problems. Depending on the type of exposure
& duration the health effects are different. Few of the ill effects of vibrations are

• Loosening of the muscles from the bones

• Damage to the tendons & ligaments

• Damage to the blood vessels

• Severe pain in muscles

• Loosening of grip

• Loss of sensation
Types of Exposure

Whole Body Vibration (WBV) – When whole of the body is exposed to

vibrations. Example working on road roller machine, trucks etc.

Hand Arm Vibration (HAV) – when only the arm is exposed to the
vibration, example using handheld drill, Chainsaw etc.
Introduction
Lower back pain (damage to vertebrae and discs, ligaments
loosened from shaking)

Motion sickness

Bone damage

Varicose veins/heart conditions (variation in blood pressure from

Effects of
vibration);
WBV
Stomach and digestive conditions;

respiratory, endocrine and metabolic changes;

impairment of vision, balance or both;

The longer a worker is exposed to WBV, the
greater the risk of health effects and muscular
reproductive organ damage
disorders
Effects of HAV

White finger (also known as "dead finger" ) - damage to hands

causing whiteness and pain in the fingers;

Carpel tunnel syndrome (and other symptoms similar to

occupational overuse syndrome);

Sensory nerve damage;

Muscle and joint damage in the hands and arms (eg 'tennis elbow')
What Decides The Extent Of Damage?

Length of exposure time;

Frequency (rate at which the surface or tool vibrates,

measured in vibrations per second or Hertz-Hz);

Amplitude (the size of the vibration). Amplitude can measure

acceleration, speed or distance covered.
How to lower the risk?
Substituting the machine with lesser vibrating ones

Reducing the exposure time, frequent breaks

Using anti vibration gloves

Using dampening devices in the machines

Using vibration absorbing & ergonomic seats in the vehicles

Improving the suspension system in the vehicles

Doing preventive maintenance of tools & equipment's periodically

Using vibration absorbing materials in the handle of tools

Balancing masses in moving parts of the machinery

Changing the worn out part of the machinery

Quiz
Q. What are two different categories of noise sources ?

Stationary & mobile sources

Q. What is the permissible noise limit in day time in Industries ?

75 db

Q. What are the two kind of vibrations ?

Forced & free vibration

Q. Name one disease caused by HAV ?

White Fingers, Corporal syndrome

Lets Summarize
What is Noise ?

Different sources of noise

Effect of Noise on
Humans

Mitigating the noise risk

What is Vibration?

Reasons of vibration

Ill effect of Vibration

Countering vibration risk