BETE 1313:

ENGINEERING
WORKSHOP 2
LAB 4: AUTOCAD 2D CONSTRUCTION
HOW TO OPEN Auto CAD
Quick Start
The working environment
 To launch Auto CAD
 Go to Programs > Autodesk > Auto CAD 2009 > Auto CAD 2009

Fig 1 – Start Auto CAD 2009

3 Auto CAD
Quick Start
The working environment
 If prompt for tutorial & new features for Auto CAD 2009, choose NO

Fig 2 – Tutorial & new features for Auto CAD 2009

4 Auto CAD
Quick Start
The working environment
 Similar to Microsoft O ffice 2007,the main interface consist of similar ribbon
& tab style interface

Fig 3 – Tab included in ribbon of Auto CAD 2009

5 Auto CAD
Quick Start
The working environment
1. Home Tab
 Consist a group of commands for drawing, modifying, layers manipulation, utilities,
annotation, block and properties.
 For beginner and normal user, mainly will utilize this tab.
2. Blocks & References Tab
 Consist of block(composed of objects drawn on several layer with various
properties) and other external data linkage
3. Annotate Tab
 Consist of several command group for annotation(addition made to the
information),dimensioning, multileaders (line or a spline with an arrowhead at one
end and a multiline text object or block at the other), tables & markup
4. Tools Tab
 Consist of several commands, such as action recorder, inquiry (to inquire
dimension, distance etc), animations control, drawing utilities, customization,
applications and standards.

6 Auto CAD
Quick Start
The working environment

 The working
environment
for home tab
as shown at
Figure 4

Fig 4 – Control panel included in home tab

7 Auto CAD
Quick Start
The working environment

Home Tab will be the part for beginner & normal user will use more.
Explanation of command & function included in Home Tab as below :
 1)Draw control panel
 To draw line, polyline, arc, construction line, helix or applying hatch (fills an enclose
area for selected object). Main tools to draw.
 2)Modify control panel
 Consist command to move object, copy (with base point), rotate object, stretch,
scale(to enlarge or reduce object with certain scale), offset(to move object with
certain distance), mirror(to flip object with related base), erase, trim(to cut one line
at certain boundary or cross), extend (to lengthen line so that it can reach certain
edge) and fillet (to round and fillet the edges of two lines)
 3)Layers control panel
 Command to control layer properties, to specify drawing location at which layer, to
turn on or off @ make certain layer visible or invisible, lock the layer etc.

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Quick Start
The working environment

 4)Layers Drop down list

 User can specify which layer that the current work is being done and control
properties of the layer
 5)Annotation control panel
 Consist command for annotation such as text insertion, dimension(linear, angle,
radius or diameter), creating table and multileader (add explanation to the drawing)
 6)Properties control panel
 7) Ribbon
 Location where all the tab, control panel is located
 8) Block control panel
 9) Utilities control panel
 Consist command for zoom, copy(clip or with base point), paste, pan, select and cut.
 10) Cross hair cursor

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Quick Start
The working environment

 10) Cross hair cursor

 Show location of your cursor on the drawing area

 11) Dynamic input tooltip

 Prompts you for input and then displays your input as you type. Can be used to specify parameter for
your drawing.

 12) Command line

 Place to enter commands as well as coordinates and values. Usually three lines are being displayed,
one is the command prompt and the other 2 are previously executed command.

 `

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Basic Drawing
Setting up a new drawing

 You may start a new drawing by going to Menu Browser  File  New o r by pressing Ctrl + N.

 Usually the first step after you start a new drawing is to set its size (may based on paper size A4, A3
etc. ) and unit type (metric, imperial ).This can be done by going to Menu Browser  Format 
Units

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Basic Drawing
Setting up a new drawing

 You may enter type of unit for length and angle in the dialog box as shown below.

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Basic Drawing

 1) Draw a line
 From the ribbon, choose Home Tab  Draw Control Panel  Line

 When you move the mouse around, the Dynamic input bar (as below) follows the cursor, displaying
the current coordinates.

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Basic Drawing

 There are 4 methods to draw line in Auto CAD. Here, only 2 basic methods will be taught.
1. By first, left click at the first insertion point (or location where you want to start your line) and
then entering the distance at dynamic input bar & the angle (as shown below, you can change
between both item using tab button ).You can draw multi line using this method.

2. By first, left click at the first insertion point(or location where you want to start your line) and
then move the mouse (you can see the length and angle tooltips) and left click again at the
location where you want the line to be end.You can draw multi line using this method.

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Basic Drawing

 Exercise 1 - To draw line with angle 45 with length 1,000 mm. (Please ensure that you already set
your unit as mm)

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Basic Drawing

 2) Saving a Drawing
To save drawing is similar to save any other file in Windows. Ensure
extension name for your drawing file is .dwg

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Basic Drawing

 3) Draw a rectangle
 O ne of the basic method to draw a square or rectangle is to use the rectangle tool which can be
found from the ribbon, choose Home Tab  Draw Control Panel  Rectangle

 To immediately create the rectangle, start with specifying the first corner and then the diagonally
opposite corner from your first corner.You can directly specifying the second corner or use any
method of specifying coordinate and form of the rectangle using Are a, Dim e nsions & Rotation
(which involving the use of dynamic input tooltips).

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Basic Drawing

 4) Draw a polygon
 Polygon tool enables you to draw m ulti-side d, close d figure s with e qual side le ngths. You can
draw polygons that have from 3 to 1,024 sides. Polygon tool can be found from the ribbon, choose
Home Tab  Draw Control Panel  Polygon
 To draw polygon you need, first to specify number of sides. Then choose one of 3 methods of defining
the polygon, which are :
 Edge : Right click and choose the e dge option. Specify the two endpoints of any edge of the
polygon to complete the polygon.

 Inscribe d in circle : Specify the center, right click and choose Inscribe d in Circle .Then
spe cify the radius from the ce nte r to a ve rtex point (titik m aksim a). This defines the
polygon with reference to an imaginar y circle whose air circumference touches all the vertices of
the polygon.
 Circum scribe d about circle : Specify the center, right click & choose Circum scribe d about
Circle .Then, spe cify the radius from the ce nte r to the m idpoint of a side .This defines the
polygon with reference to an imaginar y circle whose circumferences touches all the midpoint of
the polygon`s sides.
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Basic Drawing

 Exam ple - Draw a pentagon (5 sided equal length polygon) by using polygon tools.You are required
to use the edge option in your drawing. Procedures are as below :

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Basic Drawing

 5) Draw a circle
 There are 6 methods to draw a circle in Auto CAD. Here, only 4 basic and simple methods will be
explained to you.
N o PolygonOtool
ptio ena
n De scriptio n

1 Center, Radius
2 Center,
Diameter
3 2P (2 points)
4 3P (3 points)
This option is the default. Specify center and then the radius.You can type the
radius as a distance, or pick a point where you want the circumference to be.
Specify center, choose diameter option and type the length of the diameter, or
pick a point to specify the diameter.
Choose 2P option. Specify one point on the circumference and then an
opposite point on the circumference.These two points define the diameter of
the circle
Choose 3P option. Specify 3 points on the circumference.

Table 1 – Methods to draw circle in Auto CAD 2009

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Basic Drawing

 6) Draw an arc (lengkuk)

 An arc is a portion of a circle. Hence, to define an arc, you have to define not only a circle – for
example, by specifying a center and a radius – but also the star t and endpoints of the arc. Arcs tool
can be found from the ribbon, choose Home Tab  Draw Control Panel  3-points
 Parts of an arc is as shown below :

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Basic Drawing

 6) Draw an ellipses (oval shape)

 You can create ellipses (oval @ bentuk bujur) as well as elliptical arcs, which are partial ellipses
(lengkung separa bujur).
 Like a circle, an ellipse has a center, only the difference is that an ellipse has a longer radius along its
major axis and a shorter radius along its minor axis (Hanya bezanya, bagi suatu bentuk bujur, ia
mempunyai jejari yang lebih panjang pada paksi utama dan jejari yang lebih pendek di paksi minor /
sekunder).
 Ellipse tool can be found from the ribbon, choose Home Tab  Draw Control Panel  Center or
as shown below.

 Default option is to specify endpoints 1 & 2 of the first axis. Then, you specify the second distance of
the axis, which is the distance from the first axis line to the circumference along the second axis.

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Basic Drawing

 7) Viewing your drawing

 During your work, you may wish to zoom in order to see a particular part of your drawing more
closely or move the display in a certain direction to reveal an area that is hidden.
 Here, several tools to view your drawing will be explained.
1. Pan : Pan is used to move the area of display without changing your drawing magnification.
You may find this tools wether from :
 Home Tab  Draw Control Panel  Utilities  Pan

 By clicking scroll wheel of your mouse.

 From bottom right of your Auto CAD windows.

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Basic Drawing

 7) Viewing your drawing

2. Zoom : Zoom command @ tools enables you to zoom in and out of your drawing. There are
several ZO O M options to suit user preference.
You may find zoom tools from :
 Home Tab  Draw Control Panel  Utilities  Extents

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Editing your Drawing

 You make changes in a drawing for many reasons. Some editing processes are simply part of the
drawing process, such as copying an object instead of drawing it a second time from scratch.
 O ther type of editing involve making changes to many object at once, such as moving an entire sectin
of a drawing to make room for additional objects.
 O thers maybe that you want to make the edit your existing line, object so that it will take form of
object that what you want to draw.
 To edit object you need to select the object and perform the command that you want to use.
 For normal user, the command for editing is located at Home Tab in the Modify panel. In most cases,
you can either :
1. Start the command first and then select the objects to which you want to apply the command.
2. Select the objects first and then start the command.

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Editing your Drawing

 1) Erase
 Is used to erase object in the drawing.
 To erase an object, select the object and choose Home Tab  Modify Panel  Erase O R you
can erase an object by choose Erase and then select the object.

 2) Move
 Is used to move objects in your drawing. You need to specify the distance and direction that you
want the object to move.
 To move an object, select the object and choose Home Tab  Modify Panel  Move O R
alternatively you can choose Move and then select the object. The command responds with the
following prompt :

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Editing your Drawing

 3) Copy
 Is used to copy object in the drawing. The command usage / method is similar with Move
command (can specify to use base point @ displacement method)
 To copy an object, select the object and choose Home Tab  Modify Panel  Copy O R you
choose Copy and then select the object.
 By default, the copy command will be set to do repeat command action until you push Enter
button

 4) Scale
 Is used to scale or resize (make it larger or smaller with scaling factor)objects in your drawing.
 You need to specify the base point (titik rujukan) for you to resize your object.
 The most common way to resize an object is to specify a scale factor. To increase size of an
object, the scale factor should be larger than 1(one) and vice versa to decrease the size of an
object.
 To scale an object, select the object and choose Home Tab  Modify Panel  Scale O R you
choose Scale from the modify control panel and then select the object.

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Editing your Drawing

 4) Scale (continued)

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Editing your Drawing

 4) Scale (continued)

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Editing your Drawing

 5) Mirror
 Many drawings have symmetrical elements. O ften, especially in mechanical drawings, you can
create one half or one-quarter of a model and complete it simply by mirroring what you have
drawn.
 To mirror an object, select the object and choose Home Tab  Modify Panel  Mirror O R
you choose Mirror and then select the object.

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Editing your Drawing
 6) Trim
 Trim is one of the important command.
 As you edit a drawing, you may find that lines or arcs (lengkuk) that once perfectly met other
objects now hang over.
 To trim an object, first specify the cutting edge, which defines the point at which to cut the
object you want to trim.
 You define cutting edge by selecting an object or several objects (to trim at one time).
 When you select object to trim, you must pick the object on the side that you want trimmed
(NOT O N THE SIDE YO U WANT REMAIN).
 The step by step procedure for using trim tool as shown below :

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Editing your Drawing
 6) Trim (continued)

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Editing your Drawing
 7) Extend
 Extend command has similar prompts and characteristic with TRIM command.
 It work oppositely with TRIM command, where it will extend objects to a boundary edge.
 To extend an object, first specify the boundar y edges, which defines the point at which your
object will extend to (limit).
 You may define boundar y edge by selecting an object.
 When you select object to extend, you must pick the object on the side that you want to extend
(NOT O N THE SIDE YO U WANT TO LEFT IT AS IT IS).
 The step by step procedure for using extend tool as shown below :

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Editing your Drawing
 7) Extend (continued)

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Editing your Drawing
 7) Hatch
 Hatch are patterns that fill in an area.
 In mechanical drafting of architectural drawing, hatched areas are used to indicate materials, such
as , hidden areas, cross section view of an object , insulation or grass.
 Here, we will only use LINE command to create closed area that we can hatch. You may do your
further reading to explore commands such as BO UNDARY or REGIO N to create complex closed
area.
 To hatch a closed area, choose Home Tab  Modify Panel  Hatch. The step by step procedure is
shown below.

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Editing your Drawing
 7) Hatch (continued)

36 Auto CAD