CED 426

Structural Theory II
Lecture 14
Displacement Method of Analysis:
Analysis of Frames: No Sideway

Mary Joanne C. Aniñon

Instructor
Analysis of
Frames: No
Sidesways
• A frame will not sidesway, or be
displaced to the left or right,
provided it is properly
restrained as shown in Fig. 10-
14
Analysis of
Frames: No
Sidesways
• No sidesways will occur in an
unrestrained frame provided it
is symmetric with respect to
both loading and geometry as
shown in Fig 10-15
Procedure for Analysis
• Degrees of Freedom
• Slope-Deflection Equations
• Equilibrium Equations
Step 1: Degrees of Freedom
1.a. Label all the supports and joints (nodes) in order to identify the spans
of the beam or frame between the nodes.
1.b. Draw the possible deflected shape of the structure.
1.c. Identify the number of degrees of freedom (angular displacement and
linear displacement)
1.d. Compatibility at the nodes is maintained provided the members that
are fixed connected to a node undergo the same displacement as the node
1.e. If these displacements are unknown, then for convenience assume
they act in the positive direction so as to cause clockwise rotation of the
member or joint.
Step 2: Slope-Deflection-Equations
2.a. Write the slope-deflection equations. The slope-deflection
equations relate the unknown internal moments at the nodes to the
displacements of the nodes for any span of the structure.
2.b. Calculate the FEM if a load exist on the span.
2.c. If the node has a linear displacement, calculate for adjacent spans
Step 2: Slope-Deflection-Equations
• Apply the slope deflection
equations (Eq. 10-8)
• However, if span at the end of a
continuous beam or frame is pin
supported apply Eq. 10-10 only to
the restrained end, thereby
generating one slope-deflection
equation for this span
• Note that Eq. 10-10 was derived
from Eq. 10-8 on the condition
that the end span of the beam or
frame is supported by pin or roller
Step 3: Equilibrium Equations
3.a. Write an equilibrium equation for each unknown degree of
freedom for the structure. Each of these equations should be expressed
in terms of the unknown internal moments as specified by the slope-
deflection equations.
3.b. For beams and frames, write the moment equation of equilibrium
at each support
3.c. For frames also write joint moment equations of equilibrium. If the
frame sidesways or deflects horizontally, column shears should be
related to the moments at the ends of column.
Step 3: Equilibrium Equations
3.d. Substitute the slope-deflection equations into the equilibrium
equations and solve for the unknown joint displacements.
3.e. The results are then substituted into the slope-deflection equations
to determine the internal moments at the ends of each member
3.f. If any of the results are negative, they indicate counterclockwise
rotation; whereas positive moments and displacements create
clockwise rotation
Analysis of
Frames: No
Sidesways
Example 1
• Determine the moments at each
joint of the frame shown in
Fig.10-16
Example 1
Step 1: Degrees of Freedom
1.a. Label all the supports and joints (nodes): Span AB, Span BC, and Span CD
1.b. Draw the possible deflected shape of the structure.
1.c. Identify the number of degrees of freedom: and
Example 1
Step 2: Slope-Deflection-Equation

𝐼
𝑀 𝑁𝐹 =2 𝐸 ( )¿
𝐿
Example 1
Step 2: Slope-Deflection-Equation
𝐼
𝑀 𝑁𝐹 =2 𝐸 ( )¿
𝐿
2.a. Write the Slope Deflection Equation for Span AB:
Note:
• A = D = 0 and AB = BC = CD =0, since
no sideway will occur
• (FEM)AB and (FEM)BA are zero because
there is no horizontal load causing
sideways and A and D are fixed supports

2.b. Calculate the FEM for span AB

 Note:
• A = D = 0 and AB = BC = CD =0, since
Example 1 no sideway will occur
• (FEM)BC and (FEM)CB are computed from
the formulas for the FEMs given on the
inside back cover.
Step 2: Slope-Deflection-Equation B C

𝐼
𝑀 𝑁𝐹 =2 𝐸 ( )¿
𝐿
2.a. Write the Slope Deflection Equation for Span BC:

2.b. Calculate the FEM for span BC

Example 1
Step 2: Slope-Deflection-Equation
𝐼
𝑀 𝑁𝐹 =2 𝐸 ( )¿
𝐿
2.a. Write the Slope Deflection Equation for Span CD:
Note:
• A = D = 0 and AB = BC = CD =0, since
no sideway will occur
• (FEM)CD and (FEM)DE are zero because
there is no horizontal load causing
sideways are fixed supports

2.b. Calculate the FEM for span CD

Example 1
Step 3: Equilibrium Equations
3.a. Equilibrium equations for each unknowns.
• These six equations contain eight unknowns. The remaining 2 equilibrium equations come
from moment equilibrium at joints B and C.
Example 1
Step 3: Equilibrium Equations
3.b. For beams and frames, write the moment equation of equilibrium at
each support
• The free body diagram of segment of the frame at B and C is shown
below

+M
+V
-M
+V

-M +M
+V -V
EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTIONS
LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE

+ MOMENTS

+ SHEAR
Example 1
Step 3: Equilibrium Equations
3.b. For beams and frames, write the moment equation of equilibrium at
each support
 Example 1
Step 3: Equilibrium Equations
3.d. Substitute the slope-deflection equations into the equilibrium
equations and solve for the unknown joint displacements.

33 𝐸𝐼 𝜃𝐵 + 0.5 𝐸𝐼 𝜃 𝐵 +0.25 𝐸𝐼 𝜃𝐶 0.5 𝐸𝐼 𝜃𝐶 + 0.25 𝐸𝐼 𝜃 𝐵 + 80+0.333 𝐸𝐼 𝜃𝐶 =0

−80=0
33 𝐸𝐼 𝜃 𝐵 + 0.25 𝐸𝐼 𝜃 𝐶 =80 0.25 𝐸𝐼 𝜃 𝐵 + 0.833 𝐸𝐼 𝜃 𝐶 =− 80

137.1
𝜃 𝐵=
𝐸𝐼

137.1
𝜃 𝐶 =−
𝐸𝐼
Example 1
Step 3: Equilibrium Equations
3.e. The results are then substituted into the slope-deflection equations to
determine the internal moments at the ends of each member