Transformation

By
Amjad Khan Khalil
amjad@aup.edu.pk
What is Transformation
 The change occurs in the position or in
the size of an object is known as
transformation.
 Thus transformation includes the
movement of an object or the increase
or decrease of the size of an object.
 Also the feeling of movement of an
object is considered as transformation
 Con’t
 Transformation always depend upon
some mathematical procedures which
will bring this change.
 In some cases the transformation is
additive while in some cases it will be
multiplicative.
Types of transformation
 There are two types of transformation

1. Coordinate transfromation
2. Geometric transformation
Coordinate transformation
 These are mathematical procedures
describing the operations applied to
cause the movement of an object by
holding the object in its place and
moving the background.
 This type of transformation usually used
in Cartoons and Games etc.
Geometric Transformation
 These are mathematical models used to
cause the movement of an object
relative to the stationary background is
known as geometric transformation.
Geometric transformation includes
 Translation
 Rotation
 Scaling
Translation
 The straight line movement of an object
is called translation.
 The translation of an object is totally
depend upon the translation distances
which are also known as translation
vectors or shift vectors.
 Con’t
Let we have a point P’ (x’, y’)
P(x, y) in coordinates Y’
system which is to
be translated. The Y-axis
new position of Ty
the point after
translation is
P’(x’, y’) which is y
obtained by P (x, y)
adding translation
vectors Tx and Ty
with the original x (0, 0)
x Tx x’
and y coordinates.
X-axis
 Con’t

x’ = x + Tx 1
y’ = y + Ty 2
Using eq(1) and eq(2) we can calculate the
change that occurs in the position of a point
In eq(1) and eq(2) Tx and Ty are known as
shift vectors or translation distances
 Con’t
Although we can move a point to a new
location in infinite ways, when we move many
points there is usually only one way

object Tx and Ty

translation: every point displaced

by same vector
 Examples
 Q1: A point P(3,5) is translated to a new
position in coordinate system. If the
translation vector along x-axis is 7 and
along y-axis is 0 then find out the new
position of the point. Also draw the
accurate diagram
 Q2: A Point P(2,-4) is translated to a new
position in coordinate system. If the
translation vector along x-axis is 4 and
y- axis is 10 then find out the new position
of the point along with suitable diagram
 Examples
 A point P(-3, 7) is translated in coordinate
system by shift vectors 7 and -4 along x and
y-axis respectively. Find out the new position
of the point and also draw the accurate
diagram.
 A point after translation having the new
position (-8, 4). If the initial position of the
point was (3, -1) then what will be the value
of the shift vectors?
 Example
 A point after translation got the new
position as P(4, 5). If the translation
distances are -4 and 6 along x and y
axis respectively then find out the initial
position of the point.