Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
The Food-Service Industry
Career
• The Chef of today is respected as an artist and
craftsperson
• Thousands of skilled food-service people are needed
every year
• The truth behind all the celebrity chefs and the
glamorous side of the industry is that it takes many
years of hard work and being able to handle pressure to
be successful
• High levels of job satisfaction, financial gain, and
immediate feedback on your work are part of the
fascination with the industry.
3
Intro to Culinary Arts
August 14, 2015
Videos:“Carême, Escoffier”
6
The 18th Century
The French Revolution
• Before the French Revolution(1789): Great chefs
worked for nobility, and food service was controlled by
guilds.
– Guilds=a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants,
often having considerable power.
• The revolutionary government abolished the guilds,
which left many chefs without work.
• Many of these chefs opened restaurants, which allowed
the public access to skills and creativity of sophisticated
chefs.
7
The 19th Century
Chef Marie-Antoine Carême (.wav) (1784 – 1833)
• A great chef of the time whose career spanned 30
years and was the chefs to kings, heads of state and
wealthy persons.
• He developed grand cuisine, characterized by meals
with dozens of courses of elaborately and intricately
prepared, presented, garnished, and sauced foods.
• His books contain the first real systematic account of
cooking principles, recipes, and menu making.
• He was one of the primary reasons cooking of the
Middle Ages was brought into the modern era.
8
The 20th Century
Chef Georges-Auguste Escoffier (.wav)(1847 – 1935)
• Escoffier brought French Cuisine into the twentieth century
and is considered to be the father of twentieth-century
cooking.
• Escoffier rejected the “general confusion” of the old menus in
which quantity seemed to be the main emphasis.
• He called for order and diversity and a careful selection of
one or two items per course.
• The basic cooking methods and preparations we study today
are based on Escoffier’s work. His book Le Guide Culinaire,
which is still widely used, arranges recipes in a simple
system based on main ingredient and cooking method.
9
The 20th Century
Chef Georges-Auguste Escoffier (1847 – 1935)
• Called for order and diversity in dish preparation.
• Emphasized the importance of selecting one or two dishes per
course that would follow each other harmoniously and delight the
taste with their delicacy and simplicity.
• Escoffier’s recipes and books are still quality references for chefs
of today.
• Escoffier’s second major accomplishment was reorganizing the
kitchen, creating a streamlined workplace. He called this system
the brigade system and it is still used today around the world.
10
Intro to Culinary Arts
August 17, 2015
The History of Food (HOSP ICA 3)
The kitchen brigade
Warm up
HOSP ICA 3 9
13
Catherine de Medici
• Introduced foods and dishes such as
artichokes, aspics, baby peas, broccoli,
cakes, candied vegetables, cream puffs,
custards, ices, lettuce, milk-fed veal,
melon seeds, parsley, pasta, puff pastry,
quenelles, scallopine, sherbet, spinach,
sweetbreads, truffles and zabaglione.
14
The Classical Brigade
• The Chef is the person in charge of the kitchen. In large
establishments he/she might be called the Executive
Chef.
• If a food service operation is large and has several
individual departments or several units in different
locations, each kitchen may have a chef de cuisine,
who reports to the Executive Chef.
• The sous chef is normally second in command and
controls production and staff supervision.
15
The Classical Brigade
The station chefs are in charge of specific areas of production:
• The Saucier : responsible for sauces, stews, stocks, hot hors
(.wav)
d’oeuvres, and sautéed items
• The Poissonier : prepares fish dishes
(.wav)
• The Rôtisseur : roasted and braised meats and their gravies and
broiled meats (.wav)
• The Grillardin : in larger kitchens–broiled items, and maybe deep-
(.wav)
fried meats and fish
• The Garde Manger : cold foods, including salads, dressings, pâté,
(.wav)
cold hors d’oeuvres, and buffet items
• The Pâtissier : pastries and desserts
(.wav)
• The Tournant : relief cook or swing cook
(.wav)
• The Expediter or Aboyeur : takes orders from waiters and passes
(.wav)
them on to cooks 16
Modern Technology
Development of New Equipment
• Today, we often take for granted electric ranges and ovens and
electric refrigerators, which did not exist until fairly recently.
• The easily controlled heat of modern cooking equipment and the
use of motorized cutters and mixers have greatly simplified work.
• With sophisticated cooling, freezing, and heating equipment, it is
possible to prepare some foods further in advance and in larger
quantities.
• Some large multiunit chains prepare foods in central commissaries
for distribution to their individual stores. They cook, cool, or freeze
the foods at the peak of their quality and flavor.
17
Intro to Culinary Arts
August 18, 2015
The History of Food (HOSP ICA 3)
Review:The kitchen brigade: Kahoot
Modern Technology
Warm up
HOSP ICA 3 10
Name as many
different positions
(and what they do)
within the kitchen
brigade as you can
(no notes!)
Modern Technology
Development and Availability
of New Food Products
20
Modern Technology
Development and Availability of New Food Products
• Techniques of food production are changing rapidly. It is
now possible to do some preparation and processing
away from the food service operation rather than in it.
• Convenience foods will continue to be a increasing
share of the market.
21
Intro to Culinary Arts
August 19, 2015
The History of Food (HOSP ICA 3)
Review:The kitchen brigade: Kahoot
Modern Technology
Warm up
HOSP ICA 3 11
What are the jobs of
the following
kitchen staff?:
1. Chef de Partie
2. Saucier
3. Garde Manger
4. Commis
5. Potager
Try to answer
without your notes
Modern Technology
Food Safety & Nutritional Awareness
• The development of the sciences of microbiology and nutrition
have had a considerable impact on food service. A hundred years
ago, little was known about sanitation and nutrition.
• Nutrition and sanitation are a very important aspect of a cook’s
training.
• Today customers are very knowledgeable about nutrition and are
more likely to demand healthful and well-balanced menus.
• Food allergies and intolerances:
• Not only are chefs called upon to provide nutritious, low-fat, low-
calorie meals, they must also adapt to the needs of customers who
must eliminate certain foods from their diets, such as gluten, soy,
dairy, or eggs.
24
Cooking in the Twentieth and
Twenty-first Centuries
Two opposing forces can be seen at work
throughout the history of cooking:
• One is the urge to simplify, to eliminate complexity and
ornamentation, and instead to emphasize the plain,
natural tastes of basic, fresh ingredients.
• The other is the urge to invent, to highlight the creativity
of the chef, with an accent on fancier, more complicated
presentations and procedures.
• Both these forces are valid and healthy; they continually
refresh and renew the art of cooking.
25
Intro to Culinary Arts
August 20, 2015
The History of Food (HOSP ICA 3)
Review:The kitchen brigade: Kahoot
Brigade System Quiz
Modern Technology
Intro to Culinary Arts
August 21, 2015
The History of Food (HOSP ICA 3)
Quiz Discussion
Julia Child and Culinary School: How media and
culinary schools have changed cooking
Warm up
HOSP ICA 3 12
36
Cooking in the Twentieth and
Twenty-first Centuries
Nouvelle Cuisine
Rejecting many traditional principles, nouvelle cuisine
urged more simpler, natural flavors and preparations to
be utilized in cooking.
• Emphasis was placed on artful plating presentations done in the
kitchen by the chef rather than by waiters in the dining room.
• The best achievements of nouvelle cuisine have taken a
permanent place in the classical tradition; many of its excesses
have been forgotten.
• Most of the best new ideas and the longest-lasting
accomplishments are those of classically trained chefs with a solid
grounding in the basics.
37
Cooking in the Twentieth and
Twenty-first Centuries
New Emphasis on Ingredients
• Slow Food: A prominent movement dedicated to improving food
quality.
• Alice Waters: philosophy is that good food depends on good
ingredients.
• Larry Forgione: made a name for himself and his New York City
restaurant in part by emphasizing good-quality local ingredients.
• The public has benefited greatly from these efforts.
• Supermarkets as well as restaurants offer a much greater variety
of high-quality foods than there was available 40 or 50 years ago.
• Many chefs have modified their cooking styles to highlight the
natural flavors and textures of their ingredients, and their menus
are often simpler now for this reason. 38
Cooking in the Twentieth and
Twenty-first Centuries
International Influences
• Travel became easier.
• New waves of immigrants arrived in Europe and North America
from around the world.
• Awareness of and taste for regional dishes grew.
• Chefs became more knowledgeable not only about the traditional
cuisines of other parts of Europe but about those of Asia, Latin
America, and elsewhere.
• The use of ingredients and techniques from more than one
regional, or international, cuisine in a single dish is known as
fusion cuisine.
• Today, chefs make good use of all the ingredients and techniques
available to them. 39
Cooking in the Twentieth and
Twenty-first Centuries
New Technologies
• The practice of cooking sous vide (French for “under
vacuum”).
• Sous vide began simply as a method for packaging and
storing foods in vacuum sealed plastic bags.
• Modern chefs are exploring ways to use this technology
to control cooking temperatures and times with extreme
precision.
• As a result, familiar foods have emerged with new
textures and flavors.
40
Organization of the Modern Kitchen
The Basis of Kitchen Organization
The way a kitchen is organized depends on several
factors:
• The menu
• Type of establishment
• Hotel
• Institutional kitchens
• Catering and banquet services
• Quick service, carry-out, and full-service restaurants.
• The size of the operation
• The physical facilities, including equipment
41
Organization of the Modern Kitchen
• A large establishment needs a staff like the classical brigade.
• Most modern operations are smaller.
• The size of the classical brigade may be reduced simply by
combining two or more positions where the workload allows it.
• A typical medium-size operation may employ a chef, a second
cook, a broiler cook, a pantry cook, and a few cooks’ helpers.
• A working chef is in charge of operations not large enough to have
an Executive Chef.
• Cooks who prepare or finish hot à la carte items during service in a
restaurant may be known as line cooks.
• The short-order cook’s responsibility is the preparation of foods
that are quickly prepared to order.
• A breakfast cook is skilled at quickly and efficiently turning out egg
dishes and other breakfast items to order. 42
Organization of the Modern Kitchen
Skill Levels
Skills can be grouped into three categories:
• Supervisory
• Skilled and technical
• Entry level
• Starting at the entry level has been the traditional method of
advancing ones food service career.
43
Organization of the Modern Kitchen
Skill Levels
Today, many cooks are graduates of culinary schools and
programs.
• Even with such an education, many new graduates
begin at entry-level positions.
• This is as it should be and certainly should not be seen
as discouragement.
• Schools teach general cooking knowledge.
• Every food-service establishment requires specific skills
according to its own menu and its own procedures.
44
Organization of the Modern Kitchen
Standards of Professionalism
These are the qualities that a professional must have:
1. A positive attitude on the job
2. Staying power: requires physical and mental stamina
3. Ability to work with people
4. Eagerness to learn
5. A full range of skills
6. Experience
7. Dedication to quality
8. Understanding of the basics
45
Intro to Culinary Arts
August 25, 2015
Culinary Support Organizations
(HOSP ICA 3)
Warm up
HOSP ICA 3 12
NOT THIS!!!
Wasteful Reckless
Disrespectful to Profanity
others Harassment
Disregard for self Ethnic/Racial Slurs
Abusive Language
“Taunting”
Professionalism
YES THIS!
Honesty Courtesy
Discipline Ethical
Integrity Excellence
Teamwork Proud
Punctual Safety
Working Safely Commitment
Excellent customer
Service
What is a professional culinarian?
Makes a living from the profession of
COOKING
First chefs must learn the foundations of their
craft
◦ Handling ingredients and equipment
◦ Learn techniques and apply these techniques to
recipes
Must apply FOUNDATION SKILLS to advance
the professional and to further career as a
PROFESSIONAL
ACF
American Culinary Federation, Inc, (ACF)
Premier professional chefs' organization in
What is FCCLA?
Why is it important to
you?
Logos Courtesy of www.fcclainc.org
MISSION
Mission Statement:
To promote personal growth and leadership development
through Family and Consumer Sciences Education. Focusing
on the multiple roles of family member, wage earner, and
community leader, members develop skills for life through:
• character development
• creative and critical thinking
• interpersonal communication
• practical knowledge
• career preparation. Central Focus is the
Family and Family Life
CREED
Creed:
• Leadership Development
• Personal Growth
• Community Service
• Scholarship and College Opportunities
• Travel Opportunities
CAREER, TECHNICAL STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS (CTSO)
Co-sponsored by:
American Home Economics Association
& US Department Of Education
FCCLA FACTS
Bonaire Middle
1st Place at State and
at Nationals
NATIONAL PROGRAMS
NATIONAL PROGRAMS
NATIONAL PROGRAMS
NATIONAL FCCLA
Helps to…
Executive Director
Jen Girvin
State President
Salomon Ramirez,
Coffee High
School
GEORGIA FCCLA
2015-2016
State Officers
FALL LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE
Sept. 17-18, 2015
Georgia FFA-FCCLA Center
Covington, GA
Includes:
Keynote Speaker
Leadership Breakout Sessions
Chapter Planning Time
National STAR Event Winners
Mini BASIC Training
Foundation Dance
Membership Recruitment
T-shirt Design Competition
State Lapel Pin Competition
Slip ‘n Slide, Putt Putt and More!
FALL LEADERSHIP RALLY
October 13-14, 2015
Georgia National Fairgrounds
Perry, Georgia
Includes:
Wednesday’s Fall Motivational Rally
Culinary Competition
Tuesday’s Chili Cook-Off
Knowledge Bowl
Brochure Event
Food Demonstrations
Fair Rides and much more!
FCCLA DAY AT THE CAPITOL
February 8-12, 2016
Georgia State Capitol
• Visit Local Legislators
• Capitol Scavenger Hunt
• Region Photos
STAR EVENTS COMPETITION
National
Leadership
Conference
July 3-7, 2016
San Diego, CA
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
_______________________
Midwestern _______________________
_______________________
Pacific Northwest New England
___________ ____________
___________ ____________
___________ ____________
___________ ____________
___________ American Regional ____________
___________ Cuisines ____________
___________
___________ Southern
___________________
___________________
Tex-Mex ___________________
_______________________________ ___________________
Cajun/Creole
_______________________________
_______________________________ ___________________________
_______________________________ ___________________________
___________________________
Intro to Culinary Arts
September 2, 2015
Kitchen Brigade Retest
If you are not retesting,
work on your booklets
What foods do you think are “weird”?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXQ5Z
XvfNcI
Intro to Culinary Arts
September 3, 2015
International Cuisine
Warm up
HOSP ICA 3 17
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vcz17ig
nthc
International Cuisines
Directions: Compare and contrast
French
the elements and characteristics of
each cuisine.
Italian Asian
• Top Chef:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8DaFCsgX
f4&list=PLE5m9Ych7c-m1cW4f-0T1SgITq8LAQUZ
u
Intro to Culinary Arts
September 8, 2015
Etiquette
Warm up
HOSP ICA 12 18
What is etiquette?
Dining Etiquette
Greetings
When meeting someone…
– rise if you are seated.
– smile and extend your hand.
– repeat the other person’s
name in your greeting.
A good handshake is important
—it should be firm and held for
three-four seconds.
In the today’s business world it
is not necessary to wait for a
female to initiate the
handshake. Females & males
should both be ready to initiate
the handshake.
Formal Dinners
The Worlds Highest Formal Dinner
Place Setting
Identify as many of
the utensils in the
place setting pictured
on the slide that you
can.
THE DINING
ENVIRONMENT
Table Setting
Creating an Environment
• The atmosphere of a restaurant refers to the textures,
colors, aromas, lighting, and sounds that make up a
dining environment.
• Elements work together create a pleasing atmosphere.
Sidework
• All service staff have duties to perform before the dining
room is open to customers. This is called sidework.
• Sidework includes:
• routine cleaning
• refilling salt and pepper shakers
• refilling sugar bowls and condiments
• stocking bus station
• folding napkins
Dish, Glass, and Utensil Choices
• Types of dishware, glassware, and flatware a restaurant
uses will depend on the types of foods and beverages
they serve.
• It also depends on the type of restaurant
• Fine-dining typically uses more dishes than a casual dining
restaurant and have higher quality dishware as well.
Glassware
• Glassware should be
handled carefully to
avoid scratches.
• Store glassware upside
down.
• Hold glassware by the
stem or base.
• Never use chipped or
cracked glassware.
• Always use a beverage
tray to carry glassware.
Flatware
• Flatware : dining
utensils, such as
spoons, forks, and
knives.
• AKA “Cutlery”
• Handle by the midsection
of the handle (waist), to
keep it clean and free of
fingerprints.
• Carried through dining
room on a “serviette.”
• A napkin-lined plate
Tableware
• Tableware : any kind
of dish, from dinner
plates to soup bowls to
coffee cups.
• Restaurants use a
variety—each chosen to
complement types of
presentation.
• Materials vary from
porcelain to ceramic
Tablesetting (also referred to as “Cover”)
• Table setting: the specific • Place all flatware from the
arrangement of tableware, outside in, following the
glassware, and flatware for order of use.
a meal. • Preset dessert spoons or
• Style is determined by the forks at the top of the place
restaurant setting perpendicular to the
• How to create a other flatware.
• Bread plate to the left
tablesetting:
• Forks to the left • Drink to the right above the
• Knives and spoons to the dinner knife
right • Coffee cups to the right
• Knives’ cutting edge toward with the handle at 4 or 5
center of tablesetting o’clock.
Breakfast Cover
Dinner Cover
Intro to Culinary Arts
September 11, 2015
Napkins Folding
Warm up
HOSP ICA 12 21
Front of House
Refers to the area in a hospitality business that the
customers see
Responsible for six major functions
Back of House
Refers to the part of the restaurant that the customers don’t
usually see
Includes
Kitchen
Receiving and storage areas
Business offices
Front of the House
Host: Makes the first impression
Responsible for managing the flow of customers into the
dining area, and making sure the service is evenly distributed
over the service staff
Busser: Very IMPORTANT!
Assists the servers
Responsible for clearing and cleaning tables
Responsible for resetting tables
Server
Three responsibilities
Representatives of the restaurant
They sell the dining experience
Delivery of the dining experience
Back of the House
Executive Chef
Sous Chef
Cook
Dishwashers/Stewards
Other Jobs at a Restaurant
General Manager
Responsible for the overall operation of the restaurant
Often, the owner is the general manager.
In charge of both the front of and back of the house, safety and
sanitation, quality and consistency, guest and employ
relations, human resources, and sometimes accounting
Continued…
Restaurant Manager
Responsible for every thing that goes on in the front of the
house
Hiring & training front of house staff
Scheduling
Overall manager keeps everything running smoothly to ensure
happy customers; your number one goal.
Front and Back of House
Customer service
Total customer experience with a business
Customer satisfaction
The goal of customer service
Positive feelings customers have about a business that meets
their needs
Interesting fact
80% of customers are return customers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO4YUsAHuLk
Basic Customer Service Cont.
Eye contact
Relays to the customer that your attention is with them
Smile
Relays respect for the customer and the readiness to help
them
Posture
Do not hunch over or stare at the floor, be alert and ready
When possible call customers by name
“Thank you for your order Mr. Smith…be sure to use
titles. A young person addressing an older person by their
first name is considered rude.
Basic Customer Service Cont.
Personal Appearance
Be well groomed
Presentation
Table presentation, dining room, atmosphere,
bathroom cleanliness, and first impressions with staff
Food
Served at the correct times and in a timely matter
Interactions
Talk to your customers
Basic Customer Service Cont.