Loop Antenna

Antenna Engineering
CHO, Yong Heui
 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Small loop antenna

  Duality theorem
 Electric dipole antenna

  E   jH  M
  H  jE  J

2 EM Wave Lab
 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Magnetic dipole moment

  Electric dipole moment vs. magnetic

dipole moment

p  Qd  m  ISnˆ
Iz  I m z
d d
Qz   Qm z 
dt dt

 p  m P  0eE  M  mH

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 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Near field components

  Constant current
 Duality theorem: I m z  jIS
I m ze  jkr  1 ˆ
E  jk  sin  
4r  r 
I m ze  jkr  j
H 1  cos rˆ
 2r  kr 
2

 jkr
I m ze  1 j  ˆ
 jk   sin  
 4r  r kr 2 
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 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Far field components

  Observation point: infinity

I m ze  jkr
E  jk sin ˆ
4r 1

S  Re E  H *
2

I m ze  jkr
H jk sin ˆ
 4r

5 EM Wave Lab
 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Radiation power and resistance

  Effective antenna: # of turns N

 1 2
 Pr 
12
k S  I  I Rr
2 2 2

2
3 2
 2 2 8  S 
Rr 
6
k S   2 
3   Single turn
3 2
 2 8  NS 
Rr 
6
k NS  
2
 2 
3   Multiple turns

6 EM Wave Lab
 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Loop-stick antenna

  Ferrite core and multiple turns

 Large radiation resistance
 AM receiver

7 EM Wave Lab
 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

One-wavelength loop antenna

  Continuous current distribution

- Not uniform current
- Compared with standing wave antenna
- Traveling wave antenna

 Square loop antenna: gain = 3.09 dB

I (l ) jk ( r  r )
A   e dl
loop 4r

8 EM Wave Lab
 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Crystal loop antenna

  Efficient antenna: multiple turns

 Direction of current, feeding point

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 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Circular loop antenna

  Gamma matching: variation of T-matching

 Tuning: capacitor, resonant frequency

Tuning part

Gamma matching part

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 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Gamma matching

  Folded dipole antenna

 Capacitor needed

11 EM Wave Lab
 Antenna Engineering
1. Loop antenna

Tuning: capacitor

12 EM Wave Lab