Neologism

vs today's
language
JAKUB ZIMNY
What are neologisms and what
are their types?
Neologisms are, simply put, new words in the Polish language, created in
accordance with the rules of word-building. Neologisms can be divided into
common and artistic ones. The most important thing to remember is that the
most important thing is that the most important thing is that the most
important thing is that the most important thing is that the most important
thing is that the most important thing is that the most important thing is that
the most important thing is the most important thing.

Many poetic texts abound in neologisms called artistic. They belong to the
poetic devices that children learn already in primary school, and the ability to
recognize them is required for the high school diploma. As "Dictionary of the
Polish Language" PWN explains, a neologism is "a word, a phrase or the
meaning of a word newly created in some language". A neologism can also be
a foreign word.

Circular ones name new objects, phenomena and situations, describe

constantly changing reality and are (often unknowingly) used by us in
common language. Artistic ones, on the other hand, are created by poets
(poetic neologisms), writers and all kinds of artists in order to express artistic
expression or describe phenomena invented by them.
 "Subgenres of Neologisms"
- Vocabulary neologisms - formed from existing
words (or commonly used abbreviations). They
consist of native particles and new endings.
Examples: eatery (jadło-dajnia), concrete mixer
(betoni-arka), superstar (super-star), fryer (frytko-
wnica), alternative (alternative-ka), bloger (blog-er),
plażing (plaż-ing), zapodać (zapodać), PeKaO (from
PKO),
- Phraseological neologisms - innovative
combinations of words that already exist in the
language, such as blood bank, tax threshold, gray
zone, social margin, traffic pirate, green light,
- Neologisms of meaning (neosemantisms) - well-
known words that are used in a completely new
meaning. This meaning could be created in Polish
or borrowed from a foreign language. Examples:
korek (once: a wine stopper, today: a crowded
roadway), wóz (once: a horse-drawn cart, today:
the colloquial name for a car), komórka (once: a
small room, today: a cell phone), suchar (once: a
slice of dry bread, today: a coarse joke),
- Poetic neologisms are a type of artistic
neologisms that originated in poetry.
 Bolesław Leśmian and Miron Białoszewski

The most popular creators of poetic neologisms in Polish culture are:

Bolesław Leśmian and Miron Białoszewski.

The neologisms, which Boleslaw Lesmian (1877-1937) created in his

poetic works, were even given a name: le¶mianisms. The poet created
them by, among other things, adding suffixes ("zmorowanie") and
prefixes ("bezbożyna") or by contamination, that is by combining
two words or phrases (e.g. "bylejaczyć"). Examples of Lemmyanisms
can be found, among others, in the poem "Mr. Błyszczyński".

Like Bolesław Leśmian, Miron Białoszewski (1922-1983) was a

master of neologisms, but he created them in a completely different
way: by playing with the Polish language. The artist deliberately
deformed words: he twisted them, combined them, broke them into
particles. An example of Miron Białoszewski's neologisms is his
short poem "Mironczarnia," whose very title is a neologism derived
from the name Miron.
 Rules of
creation
Although neologisms are created in response
to changes in reality or are a product of human
imagination, they are subject to certain rules.
Neologisms are considered correct if they
follow the rules of word-building of the Polish
language and are pronounceable.

We often do not realize how many neologisms

we use every day. Neologisms popular in
recent years include words such as: youtuber
and youtuberka, plażing, influencer and
influencerka, instagramer and instagramerka,
jesieniara, jug, sztos, beka or eluwina.
My statement
Neologisms are created every day, some stay
with us for longer, others permanently and the
third do not accept at all, however, they are
undeniably part of our language which is
commonly known. Unfortunately, whether we
want it or not we have to try to keep up with
young people to be able to understand them
and not be lost in the current world, so I
personally believe that neologisms are an
essential part of our language and build our
language.