IC VOLTAGE

REGULATOR & SMPS

 Need/Necessity of DC regulated power supply:

1 . To convert unregulated AC into constant DC.

2 . To convert fluctuating main supply into regulated constant DC.

• The major disadvantage of a power supply is that output voltage changes with
the variation in input voltage. In many electronic applications, it is desired that
the output voltage should remain constant regardless of the variation in the
input voltage or load. In order to ensure this, a voltage stabilizing device called
voltage regulator is used
 Load regulation :- It is the change in output voltage when the load current changes from minimum to maximum value.
L.R= VNL – VFL

where, VNL – voltage at no load.

VFL – voltage at full load.

 Line regulation (Source Regulation):- It is the changes in

output voltage when the line voltage changes from high to low.
S.R.= VHL – VLL

where, VHL – high line voltage.

VLL – low line voltage.
 IC REGULATORS
• Advantages over discrete regulators:
1. Easy to design.
2. Cost is low.
3. Versatile.
4. Easy to use.

 TYPES :
1. Fixed Regulator
a) Positive voltage regulator (IC 78XX)
b) Negative voltage regulator (IC 79XX)

2. Variable Regulator (IC 723)

 IC 78XX :
1. THREE TERMINAL FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATORS (POSITIVE).
2. 78 INDICATES SIGN (+).
3. XX INDICATES OUTPUT VOLTAGE.
  IC 799XX
1. THREE TERMINAL FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATORS (NEGATIVE).
2. 79 INDICATES SIGN (-).
3. XX INDICATES OUTPUT VOLTAGE.
  COMPARISION OF 78XX & 79XX :
Sr.No 78XX 79XX

1. It produces positive fixed DC It produces negative fixed

voltage values. DC voltage values
2. IC 78xx IC 79xx
(7805,7806,7808,7812,7815, (7905,7906,7908,7912,7915)-
7818,7824)- Positive Voltage Negative Voltage Regulator.
Regulator.

3. Output current is 1A. Output current is 1.5A

4.
 DUAL REGULATED POWER SUPPLY :
  Explanation of Dual Regulated Power Supply :-

1.Rectifier used is full wave type producing a dual polarity

unregulated output voltage.
2. IC 78XX is used to produce a regulated positive output
voltage.
3. IC 79XX is used to produce a regulated negative output
voltage.
4. C1,C2,C3 and C4 are the filter capacitors.
  IC 723 :

 FEATURES :
1. Low Cost.
2. Small Size.
3. Output Voltage Between 2V To 37 V.
4. Maximum Load Current Of 150ma.
5. Internal Power Dissipation Of 800mw.
6. Built In Short Circuit Protection.
7. Maximum Input Voltage Is 40V.
8. High Ripple Rejection.
9. Low Temperature Drift.
10. Positive Or Negative Supply Operation.
Pin Diagram : IC723
  Applications(Functions) :

It acts as a:

1. Low voltage regulator (2v to 3v).

2. High voltage regulator (7V to 37V).

3. Positive voltage regulator.

4. Negative voltage regulator.

 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM :
  WORKING PRINCIPLE :
IT HAS TWO SEPARATE SECTIONS:

1. The Zener diode, reference amplifier and current source produces a fixed reference
voltage at Vref Pin (7.15v).

2. The other section of IC consists of error amplifier, series pass transistor Q1, current
limiting transistor Q2 .

3. The error amplifier compares the output voltage applied at inverting input terminal
with the reference voltage Vref applied at the non-inverting input terminal.

4. Output error amplifier controls the conduction of Q1 which in turn controls the
output voltage.
 SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY
(SMPS) :
  EXPLANATION OF SMPS :

1. RECETIFIER AND FILTER :- It converts ac supply voltage to a pulsating dc, which is then filtered
out to reduce the ripple content. Power diodes are used in bridge configuration (rectifier).

2. HIGH-FREQUENCY SWITCHING:- It uses either MOSFETS or BJTs to convert the dc voltage to

high frequency ac square wave (20Khz to 100 Khz).

3. HIGH FREQUENCY POWER TRANSFORMER:- It isolates the circuit and steps-up or steps-
down the voltage to the desired level .The output of the transformer is given to the output rectifier.

4. OUTPUT RECTIFIER:- This rectifier is different from the first block of the rectifier in that the
frequency of the voltage is very high. Schottky diodes are used in bridge configuration (rectifier).

5. CONTROL AND FEEDBACK:- It provides a pulse width modulates (PWM) output signal. The
PWM controller provides a duty-cycle that varies pulse to provide an accurate dc output voltage.
ADVANTAGES :
1. Low power dissipation
2. High efficiency (95%)
3. Higher power handling capacity
4. Small size

DISADVANTAGES :
1. Increased switching loss
2. Radio frequency interference (RFI)
3. Higher ripple content in output
4. Poor load regulation

APPLICATIONS :
1. Personal computer
2. Printers
3. Video games
4. TV receiver
  HEAT SINK

Heat Sink Is A Heat Exchanges Used To Transfer Heat Generated By A Mechanical Or An Electronic Device
To The Surroundings. A Heat Sink Is Usually Made Out Of Copper And / Aluminium.

 USES OF HEAT SINK :

1. Used To Dissipate The Amount Of Heat Generated.

2. It Is Used To Avoid Thermal Runaway In Electronic Circuits.

3. Use To Transfer Heat Generated By A Mechanical Or An

Electronic Device To The Surroundings.
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING LM317 :
• SUB : BASIC POWER ELECTRONICS
• BRANCH : EJ
• SEM : 4TH SEMISTER
• GROUP MEMBER :
1) SYED KHALID (08)
2) FAIZ KHAN (17)
3) SHAIKH YASIR (03)
4) BHUBHNESHWAR PATIL (09)
THANKS Y
OU
!