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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

IN
DOMESTIC PREMISES
22 MAY 2009 by Christian Mizerski

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


INTRODUCTION

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


INTRODUCTION
• The hazards related to the electricity
• What is the electricity?

Electricity is a form of energy.

This energy is contained in the electron.

The electrical current is a movement of


electrons in a conductor.

We can compare electricity to


water flowing in a pipe.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


INTRODUCTION
• The hazards related to the electricity
• What is the electricity?
• The characteristics of electricity

To resize an object, we use three measures:


length, width and height.
For electricity, it is the same thing.
To measure it we use:
the Voltage V (volts), Resistance R (ohms) and
Current A (amps).

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


INTRODUCTION
• The hazards related to the electricity
• What is the electricity?
• The voltage

The voltage is like Water pressure in a pipe. There may be 220


pounds per square inch or 25 000 pounds per square inch.

In electricity, the same thing. The voltage is the measure of electrical energy
available. There may be a line at 220 volts or a line at 25 000volts.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


INTRODUCTION
• The hazards related to the electricity
• What is the electricity?
• The resistance

The resistance is the action that resist to the current flow. The bigger is,
more current is struggling to pass. A copper wire offers little resistance,
the current passes easily. The rubber offers big resistance.

THE HUMAN BODY HAS LITTLE RESISTANCE. THE CURRENT


WILL PASS EASILY.

The water will escape through the hole more or less violently depending of
water pressure in the pipe (Voltage) and size of the hole (Resistance).
Just like water, Electricity can also flow troughs diverted circuits routes. She
always takes the route where there least resistance. The metal, water and
human body offer little resistance, they are therefore easy path for electricity.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


INTRODUCTION
• The hazards related to the electricity
• What is the electricity?
• The current

The current is the amount of electrons that passing trough a conductor.


It depends on the Voltage and Resistance. More Voltage is small or the
Resistance big, the less current passing through. More Voltage is large
or small Resistance, the more current passing through.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


INTRODUCTION
• The hazards related to the electricity
• How does electricity
Remember that electricity behaves much like water in a pipe. The
water moves in a direction of where it is pumped to where it is used.
Electricity also flows from where it is produced (source) to the
equipment it supplies.

What happens if we break through the pipe?

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


INTRODUCTION
• The hazards related to the electricity
• The dangers of electricity
Take an “electrical shock" is to be used as a Path to the
power between the conductor and earth or between a
conductor and another conductor.

The consequences of contact with live parts may vary. They


can range from simple tingling, up to internal or external
burning, disruption of the heart rate, muscle paralysis,
respiratory arrest and even death.
When the consequences of a "shock" are not fatal, it is
called electrification or electrisation, if they cause death, it is
called electrocution.

The effects vary depending on several factors:


the current path in the body;
the duration of the electrical contact;
the electric current;
the resistance of the person upon contact with live parts

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• Sockets and Connections

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Sockets and Connections

GOOD CONNECTION

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Sockets and Connections

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Respect of Rules Prevent Equipment Damage

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Do Not Overload Electrical Sockets

NO CORRECT

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Do Not Overload Electrical Sockets

WORLD
of
SOCKETS

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Do Not Overload Electrical Sockets

DO NOT OVERLOAD SOCKETS


AVOID COVERING If Lamp Design is for 60 W maximum
and DO NOT OVERSIZE
CABLES
EXTENTIONS

100
Watts too
much

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• Do Not Overload Electrical Sockets

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• Do Not Overload Electrical Circuits

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

• One Appropriate Plug for each Socket

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• One Appropriate Plug for each Socket

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Electrical Equipment Maintenance

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Electrical Equipment Maintenance

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Electrical Equipment Maintenance

REPLACE PLUG

REPLACE or REPAIR
CABLES

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Do Not Overload Electrical Sockets

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Electrical Risks for Children

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Electrical Risks for Children

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Electrical Risks for Children

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK

• Electrical Risks for Children

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Electrical Risks for Children

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Any Electrical Device Has A Potential Risk

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Be careful and vigilant at all times electricity love
you too much.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Any Electrical Device Has A Potential Risk

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Be careful and vigilant at all times electricity love
you too much.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Any Electrical Device Has A Potential Risk

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Any Electrical Device Has A Potential Risk

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Any Electrical Device Has A Potential Risk

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Have A Good Protection For Earth Leakage

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Do not play the apprentice electrician call the
specialists

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• Installation of appropriate protection
Differential Circuit-Breaker
and
Good Earthing Connection
are
Two Basic Conditions
for
DIFFERENTIAL
CIRCUIT BREAKER Your Safety
30mA
EARTHING MAKE SURE YOU HAVE
PIT
THESE EQUIPMENTS
INSTALL IN YOUR
ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATIONS

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• Human protection
Variable effects of current intensity
through the human body

Limit of perception 0.5 mA

Limit for contraction 10 mA / max 10 sec

Limit of asphyxia 30 mA / above 50 sec

Limit of fibrillation 40 mA/5 sec


80 mA/1 sec
22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises
ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• Human protection
TIME ms

Current mA

Zone 1 : normally no reaction


Zone 2 : normally no physiopathological effect
Zone 3 : effects physiopathological non fatal
Zone 4 : fibrillation possible

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• Human protection
Burns by thermal effect.

Heart and lungs problems.

Other problems on :
. eyes
. kidneys
. brain
. ...

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• Principle of a RCD’ (or differential)

In « normal » use In fault


la la

G D X G D X
Id

la lr
G : generator
la = lr
D : differential For human being protection : la = ld + lr
la : nominal current if ld > 30 mA
ld : fault current
lr : « residual » current Protection device (breaker) trips

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE RCDs
What are RCDs?

An important development in home safety, RCDs (Residual Current


Devices) are simple fittings designed to help prevent electric shock
and other accidents due to faulty electrical appliances or wiring.
They are now available from many leading electrical manufacturers.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE RCDs
How do they work?

An RCD can detect changes in the proper flow of electric current (when a
flex or cable is cut, for instance, or an electrical tool malfunctions).
Within milliseconds of this happening, the RCD automatically
disconnects the power supply to the equipment before you can be
electrocuted or further damage can be done.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE RCDs

Where are they needed?

RCD protection is advisable with any portable mains appliance being


used in a garden, or garage, or kitchen or bathroom. This means
electrical garden equipment like hedge cutters, lawnmowers, trimmers,
chainsaws etc., and tools like drills, sanders, etc., where it is all too easy
to slice through a cable accidentally. The moisture in places such as
kitchens, bathrooms is an additional hazard, greatly increasing the risk of
electrocution.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE RCDs
• Installation

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE RCDs
THE RCD SHALL BE TESTED MONTHLY

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

• Good Earthing

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

DO NOT USE
The Water Conduit
as
Earth Conductor

This
insulating
parts break
the conduit
continuity

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Bathroom Electrical Hazards

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Don’t be surprised by the blackout

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Examples of electrical circuits protection

Socket outlet

Equipotential connections

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Electrical circuits must be installed and maintained by a professional

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Electrical circuits must be installed and maintained by a professional

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Check the material conditions

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Do Not Abuse of Extension cords and Adaptors

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Electrical material destruction

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises


ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Electrical material destruction

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

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