Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises - Rev1

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
IN
DOMESTIC PREMISES
22 MAY 2009 by Christian Mizerski
22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
• The hazards related to the electricity
• What is the electricity?
Electricity is a form of energy.
This energy is contained in the electron.
The electrical current is a movement of

electrons in a conductor.
We can compare electricity to

water flowing in a pipe.

INTRODUCTION
• The characteristics of electricity
To resize an object, we use three measures:

length, width and height.
For electricity, it is the same thing.
To measure it we use:
the Voltage V (volts), Resistance R (ohms) and
Current A (amps).

INTRODUCTION
• The voltage
The voltage is like Water pressure in a pipe. There may be 220

pounds per square inch or 25 000 pounds per square inch.
In electricity, the same thing. The voltage is the measure of electrical energy
available. There may be a line at 220 volts or a line at 25 000volts.

INTRODUCTION
• The resistance
The resistance is the action that resist to the current flow. The bigger is,
more current is struggling to pass. A copper wire offers little resistance,
the current passes easily. The rubber offers big resistance.
THE HUMAN BODY HAS LITTLE RESISTANCE. THE CURRENT

WILL PASS EASILY.
The water will escape through the hole more or less violently depending of
water pressure in the pipe (Voltage) and size of the hole (Resistance).
Just like water, Electricity can also flow troughs diverted circuits routes. She
always takes the route where there least resistance. The metal, water and
human body offer little resistance, they are therefore easy path for electricity.

INTRODUCTION
• The current
The current is the amount of electrons that passing trough a conductor.

It depends on the Voltage and Resistance. More Voltage is small or the
Resistance big, the less current passing through. More Voltage is large
or small Resistance, the more current passing through.

INTRODUCTION
• How does electricity
Remember that electricity behaves much like water in a pipe. The
water moves in a direction of where it is pumped to where it is used.
Electricity also flows from where it is produced (source) to the
equipment it supplies.
What happens if we break through the pipe?

INTRODUCTION
• The dangers of electricity
Take an “electrical shock" is to be used as a Path to the
power between the conductor and earth or between a
conductor and another conductor.
The consequences of contact with live parts may vary. They

can range from simple tingling, up to internal or external
burning, disruption of the heart rate, muscle paralysis,
respiratory arrest and even death.
When the consequences of a "shock" are not fatal, it is
called electrification or electrisation, if they cause death, it is
called electrocution.
The effects vary depending on several factors:

the current path in the body;
the duration of the electrical contact;
the electric current;
the resistance of the person upon contact with live parts

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
• Sockets and Connections

GOOD CONNECTION


• Respect of Rules Prevent Equipment Damage

• Do Not Overload Electrical Sockets
NO CORRECT

WORLD
of
SOCKETS

DO NOT OVERLOAD SOCKETS

AVOID COVERING If Lamp Design is for 60 W maximum
and DO NOT OVERSIZE
CABLES
EXTENTIONS
100
Watts too
much


• Do Not Overload Electrical Circuits

• One Appropriate Plug for each Socket

• One Appropriate Plug for each Socket

• Electrical Equipment Maintenance


REPLACE PLUG
REPLACE or REPAIR
CABLES


ELECTRICAL RISK
• Electrical Risks for Children

ELECTRICAL RISK

ELECTRICAL RISK

ELECTRICAL RISK

ELECTRICAL RISK

ELECTRICAL RISK
• Any Electrical Device Has A Potential Risk

ELECTRICAL RISK
• Be careful and vigilant at all times electricity love
you too much.

ELECTRICAL RISK

ELECTRICAL RISK
• Be careful and vigilant at all times electricity love
you too much.

ELECTRICAL RISK

ELECTRICAL RISK

ELECTRICAL RISK

ELECTRICAL RISK
• Have A Good Protection For Earth Leakage

ELECTRICAL RISK
• Do not play the apprentice electrician call the
specialists

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION
• Installation of appropriate protection
Differential Circuit-Breaker
and
Good Earthing Connection
are
Two Basic Conditions
for
DIFFERENTIAL
CIRCUIT BREAKER Your Safety
30mA
EARTHING MAKE SURE YOU HAVE
PIT
THESE EQUIPMENTS
INSTALL IN YOUR
ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATIONS

• Human protection
Variable effects of current intensity
through the human body
Limit of perception 0.5 mA
Limit for contraction 10 mA / max 10 sec
Limit of asphyxia 30 mA / above 50 sec
Limit of fibrillation 40 mA/5 sec

80 mA/1 sec
TIME ms
Current mA
Zone 1 : normally no reaction

Zone 2 : normally no physiopathological effect
Zone 3 : effects physiopathological non fatal
Zone 4 : fibrillation possible

Burns by thermal effect.
Heart and lungs problems.
Other problems on :
. eyes
. kidneys
. brain
. ...

• Principle of a RCD’ (or differential)
In « normal » use In fault

la la
G D X G D X
Id
la lr
G : generator
la = lr
D : differential For human being protection : la = ld + lr
la : nominal current if ld > 30 mA
ld : fault current
lr : « residual » current Protection device (breaker) trips

• RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE RCDs
What are RCDs?
An important development in home safety, RCDs (Residual Current

Devices) are simple fittings designed to help prevent electric shock
and other accidents due to faulty electrical appliances or wiring.
They are now available from many leading electrical manufacturers.

How do they work?
An RCD can detect changes in the proper flow of electric current (when a
flex or cable is cut, for instance, or an electrical tool malfunctions).
Within milliseconds of this happening, the RCD automatically
disconnects the power supply to the equipment before you can be
electrocuted or further damage can be done.

Where are they needed?
RCD protection is advisable with any portable mains appliance being

used in a garden, or garage, or kitchen or bathroom. This means
electrical garden equipment like hedge cutters, lawnmowers, trimmers,
chainsaws etc., and tools like drills, sanders, etc., where it is all too easy
to slice through a cable accidentally. The moisture in places such as
kitchens, bathrooms is an additional hazard, greatly increasing the risk of
electrocution.

• Installation

THE RCD SHALL BE TESTED MONTHLY

• Good Earthing

DO NOT USE
The Water Conduit
as
Earth Conductor
This
insulating
parts break
the conduit
continuity

ELECTRICAL RISK PREVENTION
• Bathroom Electrical Hazards

• Don’t be surprised by the blackout

• Examples of electrical circuits protection
Socket outlet
Equipotential connections

• Electrical circuits must be installed and maintained by a professional

• Electrical circuits must be installed and maintained by a professional

• Check the material conditions

• Do Not Abuse of Extension cords and Adaptors

• Electrical material destruction

• Electrical material destruction

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ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

Electricity is a form of energy.

This energy is contained in the electron.

The electrical current is a movement of

We can compare electricity to

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

To resize an object, we use three measures:

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

The voltage is like Water pressure in a pipe. There may be 220

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

THE HUMAN BODY HAS LITTLE RESISTANCE. THE CURRENT

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

The current is the amount of electrons that passing trough a conductor.

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

What happens if we break through the pipe?

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

The consequences of contact with live parts may vary. They

The effects vary depending on several factors:

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

• Sockets and Connections

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

DO NOT OVERLOAD SOCKETS

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

• Do Not Overload Electrical Sockets

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

• Do Not Overload Electrical Circuits

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

• One Appropriate Plug for each Socket

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

• Electrical Risks for Children

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

22 MAY 2009 Electrical Hazards in Domestic Premises

Limit of perception 0.5 mA

Limit for contraction 10 mA / max 10 sec

Limit of asphyxia 30 mA / above 50 sec

Limit of fibrillation 40 mA/5 sec

Zone 1 : normally no reaction