Theory of Architecture

18AATC212
IV Semester

Introduction to Theory of Architecture

Ar. Divya Sharma

Assistant Professor
School of Architecture
9 SQUARES Activity

 Arrange 9 SQUARES in Possible ways

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

Centralized Organization Linear Organization Radial Organization

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

Clustered Organization Grid Organization

Spatial Organization

Space within a Space Adjacent Space

Spatial Organization

Interlocked Space Space Linked by a Common Space

Theoreticians

MARCUS VITRUVIUS POLLIO

VITRUVIAN MAN
Theoreticians

Stability, Utility, Beauty

DE ARCHITECTURA
Theoreticians

LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI Santa Maria Novella

Tempo Maletestiano DE RE AEDIFICATORIA
15th C
 Theoreticians

ANDREA PALLADIO Four Books of Architecture

16th C
Theoreticians

ANDREA PALLADIO
16th C
Theoreticians

ANDREA PALLADIO Villa Rotunda, 1566

16 C
th
Theoreticians

Notre Dam Paris

VIOLET LE DUC
18th C
Theoreticians

VIOLET LE DUC
Gargoyle
18th C
Theoreticians

CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER
19th C
The Timeless Way of Building Pattern Language
Theoreticians

AMOS RAPOPORT
19th C
The Meaning of the Built Environment
Theoreticians

AMOS RAPOPORT
19th C
House Form and Culture
Book Review

1) Francis D K Ching, Form Space and Order

2) Parmar V S, Design Fundamental in Architecture

3) J.M.Zunde ,Design Procedures – level 4

4) Vitruvious : Ten Books on Architecture

5) Alberti Leon: Ten Books on Architecture

6) Christian Norberg Shulz, Genius Locii

7) William: Modern Architecture since 19th century

8) Alexander Christopher: Timeless way of Building

9) Rappoport Amos: House Form and Culture

10) Rappoport Amos: Meaning of the built environment

Book Review
11. Geoffrey Broadbent: Design in Architecture

12. Geoffrey Baker: Design strategies in architecture: An approach to analysis

of form

13. Attoe Wayne: Architectural and critical imagination

14. Lynch Kevin: City Sense

15. Lynch Kevin: Image of the City

16. Alexander Christopher ;Urban Pattern

17. Alexander Christopher: New Theory of Urban Design

18. Alexander Christopher: Nature of Order,vol.1,2,3

19. Alexander Christopher: Synthesis of Form

Book Review

21. Rappoport Amos: Human Aspect of Urban Form

22. Rappoport Amos: History and Precedent of Environmental Design

23. Bernard Rudofsky,Architecture without Architects .a short introduction to Non-Pedigreed Architecture.

Academy Edition London

24. Alberti Leon: Ten Books on Architecture

25. Sociologic of space

26. Attoe Wayne: Architectural and critical imagination

27. Hale A Jonathan: Building Ideas, An introduction to Architectural Theory

S.l.N.o Exam Marks

1 ISA I (Theory + sketches) 20

2 ISA II (Theory + sketches) 20

3 BOOK REVIEW 10

TOTAL 50
ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

Cenralized Organization

Linear Organization

Radial Organization

Clustered Organization

Grid Organization
 ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

 A Central dominant space about which a

number of secondary spaces are
grouped.

Cenralized Organization
 ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

 A centralized organization is a stable,

concentrated composition that consists
of a number of secondary spaces
grouped around a large, dominant,
central space.

Cenralized Organization
 ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES

 The central, unifying space of the organization is generally regular in form and large enough in
size to gather a number of secondary spaces about its perimeter

Cenralized Organization
The secondary spaces of the organization may be equivalent to one another in function, form, and size, and
create an overall configuration that is geometrically regular and symmetrical about two or more axes
The secondary spaces may differ from one another in form or size in order to respond to
individual requirements of function, express their relative importance, or acknowledge their
surroundings.
Since the form of a centralized organization is
inherently non-directional
Conditions of approach and entry
must be specified by the site and
the articulation of one of the
secondary spaces as an entrance
or gateway.
The pattern of circulation and movement within a centralized organization may be radial, loop, or
spiral in form. In almost every case, however, the pattern will terminate in or around the central
space
Centralized organizations whose forms are relatively compact and geometrically regular can
be used to:
• establish points or places in space
• terminate axial conditions
Centralized organizations whose forms are relatively compact and geometrically regular can
be used to:
• serve as an object-form within a defined field or volume of space
The central organizing space may be either
an interior or a external
Centralized plans by Leonardo da Vinci c, 1490

Centralized Organization
S. Ivo della Sapienze, Rome, 1642–50, Francesco Borromini

Centralized Organization
 Plan for St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome c,1503

Centralized Organization
Palazzo Farnese ,Caprarola Italy 1547-49

Centralized Organization
 Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi ,India , 1565

Centralized Organization
Mausoleum, TajMahal ,Agra, India ,1632-54

Centralized Organization
Villa Capra( The Rotunda) Italy , 1552-67 Andrea Palladio

Centralized Organization
Villa Capra(The Rotunda),Vicenza,Italy,1552-67,
Andrea Palladio.
St.Ivo della Sapienze,Rome,1642-50, Franceso Borromi.
Palazzo Farnese, Rome
National Assembly Building capitol comlex at Dacca,
Bangladesh..begun 1962,Louis Khan
National Assembly Building capitol comlex at Dacca,
Bangladesh..begun 1962,Louis Khan
The Pantheon Rome A.D 120-124 portico from temple of 25 B.C
The Pantheon Rome A.D 120-124 portico from
temple of 25 B.C
Lotus temple,Delhi,1986 December by Fariborz Sabha
The secondary spaces may differ from one another in
form or size in order to respond to individual
requirements of function, express their relative
importance their surroundings.

This differentiation among the secondary spaces also

allows the form of a centralized organization to respond
to the environmental conditions of its site.
THANK YOU…

References:
1) Form, Space and Order --D.K.Ching