INTRODUCTION TO

HEALTHCARE
MANAGEMENT
Joko Mulyanto
CHEM IV - 2009
OUTLINE
Role of Medical Doctor
Healthcare System Environment
Definition of Management
Function of Management
Concept of Organization
ROLE OF MEDICAL DOCTORS
WHO Five star doctor (1994): Care provider, Decision-
maker, Communicator, Community leader, Manager.
GMC tomorrow’s doctor (2002): doctors are either be
managed or a manager.
National Standard of Medical Doctor Competence by
Indonesian Medical Council (2006): Medical Doctor
must be able to act as manager at primary health care
level.
CONT’D
To deliver the best possible healthcare for the people,
It is IMPOSSIBLE for doctor to work alone
The best possible healthcare usually involve a group of
multidisciplinary medical and non-medical personal,
use comprehensive and holistic approach.
The PHILOSOPHY OF HEALTH SYSTEM

NATIONAL
OBJECTIVES
Social Welfare
Healthcare
Health is basic National Health Delivery
human right System System

Health Service
Health status of
Organization
the people

Medical
Profession
MD – HSO – MANAGEMENT
• Healthcare is needed to improve people’s health
status.
• HSO is the main actor to deliver healthcare.
• HSO is a formal organization.
• Health workers (including MD) is the most important
part of HSO.
• Management is “the science of organization”.
• Therefore, management is needed by HSO and health
workers.
DEFINITION of MANAGEMENT
The process, composed of interrelated social and
technical functions and activities (including roles),
occurring in a formal organizational setting for the
purpose of accomplishing predetermined objectives
through the utilization of human and other resources.
ELEMENT of MANAGEMENT
It is a process – a set of interactive and interrelated
ongoing functions and activities.
It involves accomplishing organizational goals and
objectives.
It involves achieving these objectives through people
and the utilization of other resources.
It occurs in formal organizational setting.
FUNCTIONS of MANAGEMENT
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling
Decision-making
CONCEPT of ORGANIZATION
A basic social unit that has been established for the
purposes of achieving a goal.
Characterized by:
- a common goal
- a set of shared values
- continuity of goal-oriented interaction
- a division of labor
- chain of command
SYSTEM APPROACH
HEALTH SERVICE ORGANIZATION

MANAGER

CONVERSION
INPUT OUTPUT
(PROCESS)

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Cont'd
Input (resources)
Resources acquired and used to generate output
(Human, material, technology, information, capital)
Conversion (process) = integration
Integrate structure, task, people in organizational
culture.
Output (objective)
Organizational work result produced by conversion of
input. To achieve the objectives which why organization
exists.
CLASSIFICATION OF HSO
Primary level
Preventive and primary care; outpatient care.
Secondary level
Emergency and critical care (intense and elaborate
diagnosis and treatment); inpatient; acute and
chronic.
Tertiary level
Highly specialized care, specialty hospitals.
CASE EXAMPLE
Dr. R, an idealist recently graduated MD serves his public
obligation service in primary health centre at Sangihe island, a
remote island near Indonesia – Philippines border.
Dr. R found that the health status of the people in Sangihe
island are very low. PHC is lack of competence health
personnel, facilities are very limited, and there is a significant
geographical barrier.
What should Dr. R do to improve the health status of Sangihe
island people ?
THaNK yOU
djokomoeljanto©2009