SULTAN KUDARAT STATE

UNIVERSITY
College of Health Sciences

HEALTH
INFORMATICS

JAY MARK F. ARENDAIN,

MIS
 SULTAN KUDARAT STATE

LESSON 3
UNIVERSITY
College of Health Sciences

Primary Health Care and

the Philippine Health Care
Delivery System
USM-MIS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to;

1. Define primary health care;

2. Explain the elements and principles of primary health care;
3. Discuss the process involved in health care management;
and
4. Describe the status and processes of the Philippine health
care system.

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HEALTH INFORMATICS
USM-MIS
HEALTH CARE
- It is the maintenance or improvement of health via
the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, recovery, or
cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical
and mental impairments in people.
- Health is the fundamental human right.
(Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978)

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

- an organized plan of health services (Miller-Keane, 1987)
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USM-MIS
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
- an organized plan of health services (Miller-Keane, 1987)

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

- rendering health care services to the people (Williams-Tungpalan,
1981).

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

(Williams-Tungpalan,1981)
- the network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task
of rendering health care to the people.
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USM-MIS
HEALTH CARE
PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
- is a complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of
health services (Dizon, 1977)

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 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
USM-MIS

- It refers to important health care derived from

scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods.
This makes universal health care accessible to all
individuals and families in a community.

- The ultimate goal of PHC is “better health for all”.

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 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
USM-MIS

 Five (5) Key Elements to achieve this Goal:

1. Universal Coverage to reduce exclusion and social

disparities in health,
2. Service Delivery organized around people’s needs
and expectations,
3. Public Policy that integrates health into all sectors,
4. Leadership that enhance collaborative models of policy
dialogue, and
5. Increased stakeholder participation.
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 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH
USM-MIS
CARE
 Eight (8) Elements of Primary Health Care.

1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the

methods of identifying, preventing and controlling them.
2. Locally endemic disease prevention and control.
3. Expanded program of immunization against major
infectious diseases.
4. Maternal and child health care including family planning.
5. Essential drugs arrangement
6. Nutritional food supplement, an adequate supply of safe,
and basic nutrition.
7. Treatment of communicable and non-communicable
disease and promotion of mental health.
8. Safe water and sanitation
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 OTHER ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
USM-MIS

1. Expanded options of immunization.

2. Reproductive health needs.
3. Provision of essential technologies for health.
4. Health promotion.
5. Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.
6. Food safety and provision of selected food
supplements.

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 PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
USM-MIS

- PHC should be integrated, and its principle guide and

functions of the system as a whole.
- It should cover broader health issues of populations
while reinforcing public health functions.
- It should come up with programs that provide care and
prevent diseases and provisions for services especially
for the poor and marginalized groups.
- It should be able to monitor programs for continuous
improvement.

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 PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (Con’t)
USM-MIS

1. Improve the level of health care of the community.

2. Promote favorable population growth structure.
3. Reduce the morbidity and mortality rates especially
among infants and children.
4. Reduce prevalence of preventable, communicable,
and other diseases.
5. Improve basic sanitation.
6. Extend essential health services especially to the
underserved sectors.
7. Develop the capability of the community to become
self-reliant. 12
 PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (Con’t)
USM-MIS

8. Encourage the contribution of other sectors to the social and

economic development of the community.
9. Provide equitable distribution of health care.
10.Ensure community participation and monitor adequacy and
distribution of health workers who are supported locally and t the
referral levels.
11. Recognize that the formal health sector needs other sectors in
the promotion of health (multi-sectoral approach).
12.Use the appropriate technology which are accessible, feasible,
affordable, and culturally acceptable to the community

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 MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
USM-MIS

 Health care manager’s functions in the process of management.

Setting priorities and determining performance targets.

What needs to be accomplished?
Monitoring staff activities and
performance and taking the
appropriate actions for corrective
actions to increase performance
Designing the organization or the specific division,
unit or service for which the manager is responsible.

Focuses on initiating action in the

organization through the effective Acquiring and retaining human resource, maintaining the
leadership, motivation, and workforce through various strategies and tactics.
communication of managers.

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 MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
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(Con’t)
 Health care manager’s functions in the process of management.

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 MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
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(Con’t)
 Management principles in relation to organizing:

1. Authority, responsibility and accountability

a) Authority – refers to the formal and legitimate right of manager

to issue orders, make decisions, and allocate resources to
achieve desired outcomes of the organization.
b) Responsibility – it is the duty of the employee to perform the
assigned task and activities.
c) Accountability – means reporting and justification of task
outcomes to higher management by those people with authority.
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 MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
USM-MIS
(Con’t)
2. Types of Authority

a) Line Authority – managers issue orders to their subordinates

and are also responsible for the results.
b) Functional Authority – it is for managers that have power only
over a specific set of activities.
c) Staff Authority – given to specialists in their areas of expertise.
The staff manager simple advises, recommends and counsels.

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 MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
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(Con’t)

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 MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
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(Con’t)
3. Centralization, Decentralization and Formalization

a) Centralization– refers to the concentration of planning and

decision-making to the top of the organization.
b) Decentralization – refers to the delegation of planning and
decision making to the lower branches of the organization.
c) Formalization – refers to a written documentation provided for
the direct control of the employee.

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 LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
USM-MIS
(WILLIAMSTUNGPALAN, 1981)
1. PRIMARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
- are the rural health units, their sub-centers, chest clinics,
malaria eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units
operated by the DOH; puericulture centers operated by League
of Puericulture Centers; tuberculosis clinics and hospitals of the
Philippine Tuberculosis.
- Society; private clinics, clinics operated by the Philippine
Medical Association; clinics operated by large industrial firms for
their employees; community hospitals and health centers
operated by the Philippine Medicare Care Commission and
other health facilities operated by voluntary religious and civic
groups (Williams-Tungpalan,1981) 20
 LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
USM-MIS
(WILLIAMSTUNGPALAN, 1981)
2. SECONDARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

- are the smaller, non-departmentalized hospitals including

emergency and regional hospitals.

- services offered to patients with symptomatic stages of

disease, which require moderately specialized knowledge
and technical resources for adequate treatment.

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 LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
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(WILLIAMSTUNGPALAN, 1981)
3. TERTIARY LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

- are the highly technological and sophisticated services

offered by medical centers and large hospitals. These are
the specialized national hospitals.

- services rendered at this level are for clients afflicted with

diseases which seriously threaten their health and which
require highly technical and specialized knowledge,
facilities and personnel to treat effectively (Williams-
Tungpalan, 1981). 22
 LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS
USM-MIS

1. Grassroot or Village Health Workers

- They are the initial links of the community to health care.

- They are the volunteers, community health workers, or traditional
birth attendants such as trained hilots, BHW, trained dentist, trained
nutritionist.

2. Intermediate Level Health Workers

- They are the first source of professional health care.

- They are medical practitioners, physicians, nurses, medtech, and
midwives, nutritionist, sanitary inspector.
- Provide supervision, trainings, supplies, and services that provide
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support to front-line health workers.
 LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS
USM-MIS

3. First-Line Hospital Personnel

- provide backup health services for cases that require hospitalization

and establish close contact with intermediate level health workers or
village health workers. These are the physicians with specialty,
nurses, dentist, pharmacists, and other health professionals.

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???
QUESTION
LESSON 3
Primary Health Care and
the Philippine Health Care
Delivery System
 CLASS ACTIVITY NO. 3
USM-MIS

- Class Activity #3 will be posted on our Google Classroom.

Read and understand the instructions and questions before you
answer.

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