SULTAN KUDARAT STATE

UNIVERSITY

HEALTH
College of Health Sciences

INFORMATION
SYSTEMS

JAY MARK F. ARENDAIN, MIS

Instructor
 SULTAN KUDARAT STATE
UNIVERSITY
College of Health Sciences

CHAPTER 2
Health System
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
USM-MIS

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to;

1. Understand what is DIKW model;

2. Define health, system, information system and health information
system;
3. Define health system in the international, national, and local
perspective;
4. Identify the goals and functions of a health system;
5. Explain the relationship between the system building blocks and
health outcomes; and
6. Familiarize themselves with the structure of the Philippine health
system. 3
 WHAT IS DATA, INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE AND
USM-MIS WISDOM

+ insight Understanding, integration, applied, reflected

DECISION RISK
upon, actionable, accumulated, principles,
patterns, decision-making process
WISDOM
+ meaning
Idea, learning, notion, concept,
KNOWLEDGE synthesized, compared, thought-out,
discussed.

Organized, structured,
+ context
INFORMATION categorized, useful, condensed,
calculated

Individual facts, figures, signals,

DATA measurements

The DIKW Pyramid 4

 WHAT IS HEALTH, SYSTEM AND
USM-MIS INFORMATION SYSTEM

 Health – It is a state of complete physical, mental and

social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
 System – interrelated components functioning
together to achieve an outcome.
 Information System – collection of interrelated
components that collects, process, store and provide
as output information needed to complete tasks.
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 INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
USM-MIS

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 HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM
USM-MIS

 Health Information System (HIS) - refers to a system

designed to manage healthcare data. This includes
systems that collect, process, store, manage, generate
and transmit a patient's electronic medical record
(EMR), a hospital's operational management or a
system supporting healthcare policy decisions.

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 HEALTH SYSTEM
USM-MIS

- The combination of resources, organization, financing,

and management that culminate in the delivery of
health services to the population (Roemer, 1991).
- Community, department or ministries of health, health care
providers, health service organizations, pharmaceutical
companies, health financing bodies, and other organization
related to the health sector.

- It is the sum total of all the organizations, institutions and

resources whose primary purpose is to improve health. 8
 Goals and Functions of a Health System
USM-MIS

 Three (3) Main Goals of a Health System

1. Improving the health population

 Health status should thus be measured over the entire population
and across different socioeconomic groups. Must be protected
from existing and emerging health risks
2. Improving the responsiveness of the health system
 Responsiveness refers to providing satisfactory health services
and engaging people as active partners
3. Providing fair health financing
 An ideal health system provides social and financial risk
protection in health. 9
 The Four (4) Vital Health System Functions
USM-MIS

1. Health Service Provision

 Public and Private provision is the most visible product of
the health system.
 A health service is any service, not limited to clinical
services, aimed at improving the health of populations.
 Preventive measures as well as promotion of a healthy
way of living to avoid illness.

2. Health Service Inputs (or Managing Resources)

 It means generating the essential physical resources for
the delivery of health service which include medication,
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 The Four (4) Vital Health System Functions (Con’t)
USM-MIS

 Resources such as trained doctors, and medical staff,

supply of medications often take time to be produced

3. Stewardship
 It is the overall system oversight. The process of
conducting, supervising, or managing of resources.
- The core of the stewardship function includes:
a. Identifying health priorities for allocation of public resources.
b. Identifying an institutional framework.
c. Coordinating activities with other systems related to external
health care
d. Analyzing health priorities and resource generation trends 11and
 The Four (4) Vital Health System Functions (Con’t)
USM-MIS

e. Generating appropriate data for effective decision-making and policy

making on health matters.

4. Health Financing
 Health system financing includes raising and pooling
resources to pay for health services.
a. Revenue Collection
- Earned from payments for health care services such as general taxation,
direct household out-of-the pocket expenditures, mandatory payroll
contributions, mandatory or voluntary risk-rated contributions, donor
financing, and other forms of personal savings.
- Public health systems rely on general taxation for its financing.
- Social Security Organization are funded through mandatory payroll
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contributions from workers and employers
 The Four (4) Vital Health System Functions (Con’t)
USM-MIS

b. Risk Pooling
- It is a form of risk management which aims to spread financial risks
from an individual to all pool members. It is considered a core function
of health insurance companies.

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 The Four (4) Vital Health System Functions (Con’t)
USM-MIS

b. Risk Pooling

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 The Four (4) Vital Health System Functions (Con’t)
USM-MIS

b. Risk Pooling (con’t)

 Two (2) Main Models
1. Bismarck Model named after Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian
Chancellor. Who invented the Welfare State in the 19th Century.
2. Beveridge Model named after William Beveridge, who designed
Britain’s Social Security System and National Health Service.

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 The Four (4) Vital Health System Functions (Con’t)
USM-MIS

c. Strategic Purchasing
- Risk-pooling organizations use collected funds and pooled financial
resources to finance health care services for the members.

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 WHO Health System Framework
USM-MIS

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 WHO Health System Framework (con’t)
USM-MIS

 Service Delivery
 Refers to the timely delivery of quality and cost-
effective personal and non-personal health
services.
 Health Workforce
 It includes individuals and groups working towards
the achievement of the best health outcomes by
being responsive, fair and efficient.
 Information (Health information system)
 Which analyzes, disseminates and uses reliable
and relevant information on health status,
determinants, and systems performance.
 Health Products, Vaccines and Technologies 18
 WHO Health System Framework (con’t)
USM-MIS

 Financing (Health financing system)

 It is a building block which takes care of the
funding for health care services to guarantee that
people can use health services when needed w/o
fear of having not enough resources to pay.

 Leadership and Governance

 Involves the task of ensuring effective stewardship
of the entire health system.
 It also covers the monitoring of the accountability
of private and public health agencies, proper
system design, and appropriate regulation of
health systems. 19
 The Philippine Health System
USM-MIS

 Historical Background

1. 1979: Adoption of Primary Health Care Strategy (LOI 949) –

promoted participatory management of the local health care
system.
2. 1982: Reorganization of DOH (EO 851) – Integrated the
components of health care delivery into its field of operations.
3. 1988: The Generics Act (RA 6675) – ushered the writing of
prescriptions using the generic name of the drug.
4. 1991: Local Government Code (RA 7160) – transferred the
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responsibility of providing health service to the local
 The Philippine Health System (con’t)
USM-MIS

 Historical Background

5. 1995: National Health Insurance Act (RA 7875) – instituted a

national health insurance mechanism for financial protection
with priority given to the poor.
6. 1999: Health Sector Reform Agenda – ordered the major
organizational restructuring of the DOH to improve the way
health care is delivered, regulated and financed.
7. 2005: FOURmula One (F1) for Health – adopted an
operational framework to undertake reforms with speed,
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precision, and effective coordination and to improve the
 The Philippine Health System (con’t)
USM-MIS

 Historical Background

8. 2008: Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicine

Act (RA 9502) – promoted and ensured access to affordable
quality drugs and medicines for all.

9. 2010: Kalusugang Pangkalahatan or Universal Health Care

(AO 2010-0036) – provided universal health coverage and
access to quality health care for all Filipinos

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 LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
USM-MIS

 Department of Health (DOH)

- Mandated to provide the appropriate direction for the nation’s
health care industry.
 Other tasks include
 Development of plans, guidelines and standards for the health sector.
 Technical assistance
 Capacity building
 Advisory services for disease prevention
 Control of medical supplies and vaccines
- DOH coordinates its health programs through the local
government units (LGUs). Under RA 7160 LGUs take care of
their own health services and are given autonomy.
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 LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
USM-MIS

 Department of Health (DOH) is duty-bound to:

1. Develop policies and programs for the health sectors.
2. Provide technical assistance to its partners.
3. Encourage performance of the partners in the priority health
programs.
4. Develop and enforce policies and standards.
5. Design programs for large segments of the population, and
6. Provide specialized and tertiary level care.

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 LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
USM-MIS

 Department of Health (DOH) is responsible for

the:
1. Formulation and development of national health policies,
guidelines, standards and manual of operations for health
services and programs.
2. Issuance of rules and regulations, licenses, and
accreditations;
3. Promulgation of national health standards, goals, priorities
and indicators, and
4. Development of special health programs and projects, and
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advocacy for legislation on health policies and programs.
 LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE
USM-MIS

The Philippine Health System

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 Directions of the Philippine Health Sector
USM-MIS

1. The Philippine Health Agenda 2016-2022 (DOH

Administrative Order 2016-0038)
 Agenda adopts the slogan “All for Health Towards Health
For All” as the rallying point for its vision of a Healthy
Philippines by 2020.
 With this agenda , the heath system guarantees: population
and individual level interventions for all life stages that
promote health and wellness, prevent and treat the triple
burden of disease, delay complications, rehabilitation, and
provide palliation for both the well and the sick.
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 Directions of the Philippine Health Sector
USM-MIS

2. The Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022

 This is the first of the four key medium-term plans to translate the
vision of a “matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay” for the
Filipinos and the country.
3. NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040
 It focuses on four areas: building a prosperous, predominantly
middle-class society where no one is poor; promoting a long and
healthy life; becoming smarter and more innovative; and building a
high-trust society.
4. Sustainable Development Goals 2030
 Also known as 2030 Agenda, targets to end poverty, fight inequality
and injustice, and confront issues involving climate change.
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???
QUESTION
LESSON 2
Health System
 CLASS ACTIVITY NO. 2
USM-MIS

- Class Activity #2 will be posted on our Google Classroom.

Read and understand the instructions and questions before
you answer.

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