STATISTICS

Objectives
 understand the basic statistical terms

 distinguish whether a variable is

quantitative or qualitative

 determine the level of measurement of

a variable
 What is Statistics?
 a branch of Mathematics that deals with
the science of collection, organization,
presentation, analysis, and interpretation
of data.
 Types of Statistics
1. Descriptive Statistics 2. Inferential Statistics
 uses the data to makes inferences
provide descriptions and predictions
of the population, about a population
either through based on a sample of
numerical data taken from the
calculations or population in
graphs or tables. question.

1. Descriptive Statistics
Frequency distribution table
(FDT)
Measures of central
tendency (mean, median,
mode)
Measures of variability
(standard deviation)
Normal distribution
Topics
2. Inferential Statistics
Hypothesis testing
Comparative analysis (t-
test, ANOVA, chi-square)
Correlation analysis (pearson
r, spearman rho, chi-square)
Regression
 Basic statistical terms:
Population
 the totality of the observation/respondents.

Sample
 part of the population.
 Basic statistical terms:
Parameter
 a numerical characteristic of a population.

Statistic
 A numerical characteristic of a sample.

Data
 Facts or information under study.
 Basic statistical terms:
Constant
 characteristic of a population or sample which
makes them similar to each other.

Variable
 characteristic of a population or sample which
makes them different from each other.
 can be also called a data item.
 Types of Variables
Discreet – fixed/countable

Continuous - measurements

Dependent – affected by the independent

variable

Independent – affects the dependent variable

 Classification of Variables
Qualitative Quantitative

categorical numerical
names, labels and measurements
used for
identification
purposes.
Levels of Measurement
Thank you!