CHAPTER 3

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
& NATION-BUILDING
DR FEDELIZ S. TUY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the chapter, the students should be able to
1. explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in
their daily lives.
2. present policies on science & technology, and explain their
importance to the nation, and
3. Discuss the role of science & technology in nation-
building
PERFORMANCE TASKS

ASSIGNMENT 1. Search for Five (5) Indigenous

Medicinal practices that are still being observed today.
Example: Applying saliva at the tummy to a baby who got
sick because someone gave too much attention or fondness
to the said child.
Crossword Puzzle
PERFORMANCE TASKS
ASSIGNMENT 2
Please look for the title of the following Republic
Acts and explain the nature of these laws.
RA 8439,
RA 8749,
RA 7687,
RA 8792,
RA 7459,
RA 9367 and
 RA 8283,
RA 10601.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
SCIENCE
 Evenbefore the Spaniards came to the Philippines, and introduced
changes, we Filipinos have developed our own system of science &
technology.
Science is observed in the way they plant their crops, in taking
care of animals to help them in their task and for food production
The use of plants & herbs as medicine.
They observed the movement of heavenly bodies to predict
seasons and climate.
 TECHNOLOGY
We developed our own modes of transportation.
The engineering prowess of the natives of the Cordilleras when
they built the famous rice terraces.
The construction of the irrigation system that uses water from
the forest to the mountains.
They developed tools for planting,
hunting, cooking, and for fighting tribal enemies.
Create the musical instruments
Technology
INDIGENOUS OR FOLK SCIENCE
Indigenous science is part of knowledge system,
the expertise practiced by different groups of
people in a given culture during the early
civilization for coping with the changing
environment. (cited by Pawilen 2019)
It is also composed of traditional knowledge that
uses science process skills guided by community
values & culture.
Indigenous knowledge or Folk Science
 Embedded in their daily life experiences
 Parents and older people served as the teachers and knowledge in
their minds are passed on mouth.
 Predicting weather conditions & seasons using knowledge in
observing the behavior of animals and the shape of the celestial
bodies.
Indigenous knowledge or Folk Science

 The use of herbal medicines.

 Ways of preserving food. (Tinapa, Tuyo daing,
bagoong, buro)
 Building of local irrigation systems
INDIGENOUS OR FOLK SCIENCE
 is composed of traditional knowledge practiced &
valued by people & communities
Indigenous science is the foundation of MODERN
science
COLONIAL PERIOD
The Spaniards established schools for the boys & girls
and introduce science & disciplines.
Life became a little modernized because of they taught
their culture and practices.
Galleon trade has brought more technology and
development in the Philippines.
The Philippines became the center of trade in Southeast
Asia
COLONIAL PERIOD
The SUPERSTITIOUS beliefs of the people
and the Catholic doctrines & practices during
the Spanish era hinders the growth of
SCIENCE.
 COLONIAL PERIOD
 The Americans have more influence in the development of science &
technology as compared with the Spaniards.
 Establishment of public education
 Improved the engineering work and health conditions of the people.
 Established a research university (UP)
 Created more hospitals
 Mineral resource of the country were explored and exploited
 Transportation & communication system were improved
 Post Colonial period

After achieving Independence, from our colonizers, the

Philippines continue to pursue the development of science &
technology.
However only one president focused in the development of
science.
One of the presidents who ushered the advancement of
science & technology, was the former President Ferdinand
Marcos.
President Ferdinand E. Marcos
 During his time, he acknowledge the role of science & technology
in national development, so he mandated DepEd to promote science
courses in public schools.
 He established (PAGASA) Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical
and Astronomical Services Administration, (NAST) National
Academy of Science & Technology, (DOST) Department of Science
& Technology, PNOC, PAEC, IRRI, etc
 He saw that the key to nation-building is the continued development
of S&T
President Corazon Aquino
 In 1986 NAST was renamed DOST, it aims to update the production
sector, improve research activities and develop infrastructure for
science & technology sectors.

President Fidel V. Ramos

 In1987, during the presidency of FVR, the “Doctors to the Barrio” program
made healthcare accessible even to the far-flung places of the country.
 The National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in Science & Tech was
created for HS students who wanted to enter to Science & engineering
programs in college.
 Itwas also this time when laws related to science & technology sectors were
created such as RA 8439, RA 7687, RA 7459, RA 8283, RA 8749 & RA 8792.
President Joseph Estrada
 It was during the time of Estrada that RA 8749 & RA 8792 were signed &
mandated.
 Pres. Estrada is responsible in implementing cost effective irrigation
technologies and basic health care services for marginalized member of the
society.

President Gloria M. Arroyo

 It was during her time that science & technology sector were developed to
strengthen the educational system and to address poverty. She promulgated RA
9367 and RA 10601.
President Benigno Aquino, Jr.
 In2014, Pres. Noynoy named new National Scientists, these were
Gavino Trono, Angel Alcala, Ramon Barba, and Edgardo Gomez.

President Rodrigo R. Duterte

 Today with the current administration, S&T is still the priority as evident
by the increased of budget allocation for research & developments.
 Currently,we have the Philippine Space Technology Program that
launched Diwata 2 in 2018, and Diwata 1 in 2016.
 Republic Acts
 RA 8439 – Magna Carta for
Science & Technology Personnel.
 RA
7459 "Investors and Invention
Incentives Act of the Philippines.“
 RA 8749  otherwise known as
the Philippine Clean Air Act,
 RA 9367 The Biofuel Act
 RA 7687 "Science and
Technology Scholarship Act
 RA 8293  “Intellectual Property
Code of the Philippines.”
 RA 8792 Electronic Commerce
Act”
 RA 10601 – Agricultural and
Fisheries Mechanization Law.
Some of the Filipino Indigenous Science practices
Healing practices from the different places in the Philippines

 Espiritista – the medium that uses spirits of saints or Sto. Nino to heal the sick.
 Albularyo – Uses plants & herb to cure a “possessed” person.
 Tawas – the practice that uses candles, oil, water or paper to determine one’s
cause of sickness through the image formed on those mediums.
 Suob – it makes use of special paper, or incense or leaves boiled in water for
fast healing of wounds
Some of the Filipino Indigenous Science practices
Healing practices from the different places in the Philippines

 Antidote for Jelly fish Sting = Urine or vinegar (Zambales)

 Mumps – Mixture of Insect’s nest, Indigo blue(tina) & vinegar. Santiago,
Isabela, Bulacan)
 Tawa-tawa (Euphorbia Hirta) used for treating Dengue.(Antique)
 Bato Kolibra – The rock is placed on top of the dog bite, and believed to
suction dog’s rabies out of the body. (Samar, Leyte)
 Some of the Filipino Indigenous Science practices
Healing practices from the different places in the Philippines

 Eating of RAW EGG during the 9th month of pregnancy for ease of giving
birth.
 Sugar as antidote for poisoning and allergies.
 Raw OKRA in water to be taken in the morning after soaking it overnight
lowers cholesterol.
 Boil mentholated candies and sniff the vapor while still hot cures cough.
 Harabe – Calamansi, Honey & Lambanog. Treats cough & colds. To be
taken at night.(Quezon)
 https://youtu.be/wjVD-cKu0Fg
END OF PRESENTATION