RV College of

Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Manufacturing Processes – 18ME43

ASSIGNMENT TOPIC
Surface metal matrix nano-composite of Magnesium

Anuraag Aayush
1RV18ME022
IV ‘C3’
 Introduction

• Modern engineered materials where the surface of the material is modified by dispersing secondary phase in
the form of particles or fibers and the core of the material experience no change in chemical composition and
structure.
• In particular, Magnesium and its alloys have gained widespread attention in scientific research as well as
commercial application as energy conservation and performance demands are increasing because of their low
density, approximately two-third of that of aluminium, and high specific strength as compared to other
structural metals.
• Magnesium matrix composites are potential materials for various applications of aerospace and defence
organizations due to their low density, good mechanical and physical properties.
• In these last years in aerospace sciences, the amount of used composites loaded with nanostructures has
increased.
• There are many advantages to use polymeric matrix composites loaded with carbon nanostructures. The idea
is to use lightweight and flexible properties of these materials to replace older heavier metal electromagnetic
materials such as copper or iron.
• Nanocomposites have high performances and low cost per kilo/load.
 Introduction

• In order to solve the problem of Electro Magnetic Interferences (EMI), many researchers are trying
to achieve a lightweight, low cost, corrosion resistant, flexible and high performance EM coatings.
• By adding an appropriate amount of secondary phase particles, the specific strength of pure metals
or alloys can be improved. In addition, higher fatigue and wear resistance also can be achieved.
• Magnesium is brittle in nature compared with aluminum. Magnesium based MMCs are an
upcoming new class of materials in non-ferrous metals that address the problems associated
with brittleness of magnesium.
• TiC particulates playa vital role on damping behaviour of magnesium composite and its alloy.
Reinforcement of TiC particles lead in improvement of yield strength tensile strength and elastic
modulus significantly, while the ductility is reduced to some extent.
• In such materials, dispersed secondary phase particles are contained at the surface alone and the
material at the core is unaffected. Therefore, the surface exhibits higher hardness and wear
resistance and the material in bulk experience negligible loss to its toughness.
 Development of Magnesium based MMCs

In order to strengthen the engineering usage of Magnesium

matrix composites, various confronts must be surmounted;
which include fabrication processes, influence of
reinforcement, effect of reinforcement on the microstructure
and mechanical properties and its corresponding applications.
 • Silicon Carbide reinforced Magnesium MMCs

• During dry sliding, the composites exhibit slightly superior wear resistance under
the lower load, but the effects of the SiC particulate reinforcements on wear
resistance are not as conclusive under higher load. During SEM analysis, it was
observed that the melt wear becomes the dominant wear mechanism, causing
gross deformation of the magnesium matrix at the contacting interface.
• By neutron diffraction, the texture of the forged composites is measured and a
strong basal-plane texture formed during forging, and the intensity of basal plane
texture weakened as the forging temperatures increased. The particle
distribution was significantly improved by hot forging. The ultimate tensile
strength, yield strength and elastic modulus were significantly enhanced as the
particle contents increased.
• The useful range of Mg/SiC composites appears to be limited to loads and speeds
below 30 N and 5.0 m/s respectively.
 • TITANIUM CARBIDE REINFORCED MAGNESIUM
MMC
• The tensile strength of the composite significantly improved compared to the
unreinforced magnesium alloy. The Ti-6Al-4V particulate was found to be more
beneficial for the ductility of magnesium matrix composites than SiC particles.
• The TiC particulates play a vital role on damping capacity and mechanical
properties of the composites. Tensile strength and damping capacity of the
composites were improved compared to AZ91 magnesium alloy. The damping
characterization was explained with twinning, dislocation motion, grain
boundary slip and interface slip. With the increase of reinforcement
percentage, damping capacity of the magnesium alloy increases.
• It was observed that the ultimate compressive strength, hardness, elastic
moduli and yield strength got enhanced with the increase of Al content.
 • Friction stir processing (FSP)

• The material surface is modified by inserting a cylindrical rotating tool that contains a
small pin at the end and plunged along a desired length in traverse direction by
applying a suitable load. Therefore, the material at the stir zone undergoes
intense plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization is initiated, which lead to
refinement of the microstructure.
• FSP induced grain refinement is the reason behind the increased surface energy of the
FSPed samples compared with the coarse grained unprocessed Mg samples.
• Excellent bioactivity was observed for Mg-nHA composite from the in-vitro bioactivity
tests and formation of apatite due to the presence of nHA particles at the surface has
enhanced the biomineralization and reduced the corrosion rate of the composite
compared to the unprocessed Mg because of the quick formation of a passive layer and
intensity reduction in galvanic couple between the grain interior and grain boundary
when the grain size is reduced.
 • CNT REINFORCED MAGNESIUM MMC

• A homogeneous microstructure was formed and the performance of the

composite was improved due to the way for the formation of Si coated carbon
nanotubes. The Si coated MWNTs leads to improvement in the distribution,
wettability, bonding strength and tensile strength in the MWNTs matrix
composites.
• A small addition of CNT improved in the mechanical properties of the
composites significantly. The presence of CNTs evidently improved the UTS,
Young’s Modulus and yield strength of the extruded composite.
• With increase of CNT content, the uniform distribution of CNTs at the chip
surface decreased. Corrosion test showed that a small addition of CNTs (0.5 wt.
%) evidently improved the hardness and corrosion resistance compared with
base alloy.
 • ALUMINIUM OXIDE REINFORCED MAGNESIUM
MMC
• TEM study revealed better fiber-matrix interface bonding during creep exposure. Due to the enrichment of Al in the
matrix near to the alumina fibers, precipitation of the Mg17(Al,Zn)12 phase enhanced which was promoted by
heterogeneous nucleation.
• At higher temperatures, the strength was attributed to the load carrying capacity of the fibres. The strength
reduction is mainly due to averaging and softening of the matrix alloy, which indicates the addition to matrix flow
properties.
• The mechanical properties revealed that:
1. With a steep increase of stress, an initial regime deformed elastically along the linear line, a long and
intermediate regime, and a densification regime.
2. The composites possessed lower density and higher yield strength compared to cast dense magnesium; &
3. Young’s modulus and average yield strength were anisotropic.
• The friction and wear behaviour of nano-alumina (n-Al2O3) particles reinforced and CNTs reinforced magnesium
matrix composites with different volume fractions were studied. They found that all the composites have more
wear resistance compared with FSPAZ31 alloy. The wear resistant of n-Al2O3 reinforced composite is lower when
compared to CNTs independently reinforced composite. At a load of higher than 1.95 MPa, the wear of AZ31 hybrid
composites were significantly lower compared to those of other composites. The friction coefficient was also lower.
 CONCLUSION
The major conclusions derived from the prior works carried out can be summarised as
following:
• SiC particle reinforced Magnesium MMCs have higher wear and creep resistance
compared to Al2O3 reinforced Magnesium MMCs.
• Reinforcement of CNTs in the matrix of magnesium and its alloy improved the
wettability and bonding strength of the composites.
• The wear resistance of Al2O3 independently reinforced magnesium matrix
composite is higher than that of the CNTs independently reinforced magnesium
MMCs.
• The creep behaviour of magnesium MMCs is controlled by the creep of its matrix,
which is mainly the controlling of viscous slip of dislocation and the controlling of
grain boundary slippage as a supplement.
 REFERENCES
• (PDF) Magnesium based surface metal matrix composites by friction s
tir processing (researchgate.net)
• Magnesium based surface metal matrix composites by friction stir pro
cessing – ScienceDirect
• Ageing effects on composite nano carbon based materials | IEEE Conf
erence Publication | IEEE Xplore
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S09240136193017
73
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00431648193149
42