Internet Programming

(INSC 2101)
Avoid Carelessness

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 Chapter One
Basics of Networking and Internet

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 Chapter objective
→To know basics of network and internet
→To know about working system of globally
connected devices
→To know basics of network protocols
→ To know basics of internet service
provider(ISP)

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 Chapter Contents
→Classification of Network

→Networking Services

→History of Internet

→Basic Terminology used in Internet Technology

→Architecture of the web.

→Stateless nature of http

→http authentication

→http header 4
What is Network and Why?

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,

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Internet and Related Components

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History of internet

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.

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.

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How Internet works?

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Internet service Provider/ISP/ And types

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ISP

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Internet/Network/ Services

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Common Components in Internet Technology

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Client and Server

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Client – Server Architecture

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Types of servers

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 URL, URI, URN
URI, Uniform Resource Identifier
 define how to uniquely identify a resource on the internet
 is divided into the subgroups URL and URN
URL, Uniform Resource Locator
 a reference for an address on the internet
looks like: protocol://host[:port]/path/file[#section]
eg: http://www.csc.kth.se:8080/dd1335/gruint09/labs/#lab2

URN, Universal Resource Name

 a ”pointer” to a resource without specifying its exact position, eg.
the search for a certain kind of documents may deliver the set of
URLs (the positions of all the documents)

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 Uniform Resource Locator URL/Web address/

→The URLs have several different elements you might encounter in web
addresses — protocols, domains, sub domains, TLDS, paths, and named
anchors.
→Most of the time, you don’t need to know about all these different parts of
a web address — you just click on a link or type in an address and
everything is fine.
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URL Format

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 D/t Examples of URL

→https://websitebuilders.com
→ https://www.facebook.com/Learn-the-Net-330002341216/

→ftp://aeneas.mit.edu/
→ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet#Terminology

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 ftp://aeneas.mit.edu/

• This URL is for an FTP server at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of

Technology).
• The protocol is ftp, or File Transfer Protocol. This is not used for
interacting with a document in a browser, but rather for uploading and
downloading files.
• The TLD is .edu, indicating that the site is run by a college or university.
• The domain name is mit.edu, indicating it is owned or controlled by
MIT.
• The sub domain is aeneas.
• The hostname is aeneas.mit.edu.
• There is no path, so this is the index for the file system.

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 Class-Activity

Mention parts of the ff URL address correctly.

→https://websitebuilders.com

→https://www.facebook.com/Learn-the-Net-330
002341216/
→ftp://aeneas.mit.edu/

→https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet#Te
rminology 45
→Computers communicate each other using IP address. Human
beings communicate each other using names and the similar
languages.
→But computers and human beings can’t communicate.
→To solve this problem network engineers developed Domain Name
system which resolves names to numbers/ Domain names to IP
addresses./ 46
 Domain Name System (DNS)

→DNS is often referred to as the internet's phone book

because it converts easy-to-remember hostnames
like www.google.com, to IP addresses.
→In DNS the process of looking up host names for
corresponding IP addresses is called name resolution. 47
How Does DNS Work?

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Benefits of DNS

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Network Protocols

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Common Network protocols

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HTTP/protocol of the web/

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Explanation

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