Reviews on Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 1, Introduction: Compulsory

• SI-system
• Density, ρ
• Specific weight, γ= ρg
• Specific gravity, SG (Eq. 1.6)

• Ideal gas law: ρ=p/(RT)

Chapter 1, Introduction: non- Compulsory

• Concepts: Newtonian fluid, compressibility

and viscosity of fluids
 Chapter 2, Fluid Statics: compulsory

• Concept: Pressure at a point,

• Pressure field: dp/dy = - γ (Eq. 2.4)
• Standard atmosphere
• Measurement of pressure: gage/absolute
• Application of U-tube
• Hydrostatic force on plane surfaces,
 Chapter 2, Fluid Statics: compulsory

• Eq. 2.16~18
 Chapter 2, Fluid Statics: compulsory

• Hydrostatic force on a curved surface

• Fig. 2.15
 Chapter 3, The Bernoulli Eq.: Compulsory

• Eq. (3.6)

• constant along
• streamline

• Physical interpretation, Eq. (3.19), Fig. 3.13(on

page 93)
• Stagnation point
Chapter 3, The Bernoulli Eq.: Compulsory

• Eq. (3.14)

• Concept of streamlines
 Chapter 5, Finite Control Volume analysis:
Compulsory
• The linear momentum equation
 Eq. (5.17)
• Precondition of application

• 1, steady flow,
• 2, fixed, non-deforming CV,
• 3, uniform properties across the in- and outlet
areas.
 Chapter 7, Similitude, Dimensional analysis
and Modeling: Compulsory
• Buckingham Pi Theorem
• The 8 steps in implementing dimensional
analysis
• Modeling
 Example: Pressure drop in pipe
• Solution: Δp = Φ(ρ, V, D, l, μ, e),
• (7 dimensional variables)
• We choose basic dimensions M, L and t to
express all the variables.
• Δp ρ V D l μ e
• (next slide)
 Variables and dimensions
• Variables, Dimensions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Var.
Δp ρ V D l μ e
Dim.

L L L
 Example: Pressure drop in pipe
• Try to use ρ, V, D as repeating variables to
express all other variables:
• 7-3 = 4, so that 4 Pi-terms are to be found, in
which Δp, μ, l and e appear, once respectively.
 Example: Pressure drop in pipe
• Expressions of the 4 pi-terms:
 Chapter 7, Similitude, Dimensional analysis
and Modeling: Compulsory
• Eq. (7.7)
Chapter 8, Viscous Flow in Pipes: Compulsory

• Criteria of judging flow states: Reynolds

number, 2000/4000
• Laminar/transitional/turbulent flow
• Entrance region
Chapter 8, Viscous Flow in Pipes: Compulsory

• Reynolds number:
Chapter 8, Viscous Flow in Pipes: Compulsory

• Major losses, Eq. (8.18)

• Moody Chart
• Table 8.1
Chapter 8, Viscous Flow in Pipes: Compulsory

• Minor losses, Eq. (8.20)

• Single pipes
Chapter 8, Viscous Flow in Pipes: Compulsory

• Pipe flowrate measurement, Eq. (8.22)

• Eq. (8.23+24)
Chapter 8, Viscous Flow in Pipes: Compulsory

• Using Venturi pipe (!)

• (8.24)
Chapter 10, Open Channel Flow: Compulsory

• Concept: Uniform depth channel flow

• Manning Eq. (10.13+15)
Chapter 10, Open Channel Flow: Compulsory

• Sharp-crested weirs, Eq. (10.25+27)

• Broad-crested weirs, Eq. (10.28)

 10.6.2 Sharp-Crested Weirs
• Rectangular geometry, Eq. (10.25)

• Triangular geometry, Eq. (10.27)

 10.6.3 Broad-Crested Weirs
• Flowrate, Eq. (10.28)
 10.6.3 Broad-Crested Weirs
• Froude Number

• Flow is critical when Fr=1 (p393, …nearly

uniform critical flow is achieved…)
• The End