Analog & Pulse Circuits

UNIT III
WAVE SHAPING – Linear and Non-linear
K.Aruna Kumari
Assistant Professor
ECM Dept
SNIST
PART-A
Linear wave Shaping
• Low pass, High pass Circuits
• High pass and Low pass circuits response for:
1. Sine wave
2. Step
3. Pulse
4. Square
5. Ramp
6. Exponential
• High pass RC as differentiator
• Low pass RC as integrator
• RL circuits
PART-B- Non Linear wave shaping
• Clippers
• Clampers
Linear wave shaping
“The process whereby the shapes of non sinusoidal signals are
shaped by passing the signal through the linear network is
called linear wave shaping”.

Low pass circuits: A Filter circuit which allows a set of frequencies that
are below a specified value can be termed as a Low pass filter. This filter
passes the lower frequencies.

High pass circuits : A Filter circuit which allows a set of

frequencies that are above a specified value can be termed as
a High pass filter. This filter passes the higher frequencies.
Filters response
SINUSOIDAL INPUT

Applying KVL to the circuit as shown in figure

Responce of LPF With STEP VOLTAGE INPUT
Relation between upper 3 dB frequency and rise time
Responce of LPF With PULSE INPUT
VOLTAGE
Responce of LPF With PULSE INPUT VOLTAGE
•The above equation, discharging equation of capacitor delayed by
time tp. The output voltage must be decreasing towards to zero.
•The output voltage will always extend beyond pulse width tp.
This is because charge stored on capacitor during pulse cannot
leak off instantaneously.
•To minimize the distortion, the resistance must be small
compared with the pulse width tp.

The upper 3-dB frequency f2 is chosen equal to the reciprocal of the pulse width tp.
Responce of LPF With SQUARE WAVE INPUT
Responce of LPF With Ramp Input