Cells

In 1667, Robert Hooke was the first scientist who introduced the term cell
 Microscope
• Laboratory instrument used to examine
objects that are too small to be seen by
the naked eye.
What does the cell consist of?
Animal Cell
Mitochondria
Plant Cell
 Nucleus
• Nuclear envelope
• Nucleoplasm
• Nucleolus
• Chromatin
 Cytoplasm
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Ribosomes
• Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Mitochondria
• Chloroplast
• Vacuoles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Plant cell and animal cell
 Specialised cells
• Differentiation – is the process by which a
cell becomes specialised for a specific
function

Examples :
 Red blood cell
 Xylem vessels
 Root hair cell
Red blood cell
Xylem vessels
Root hair cell
 Tissue
• A group of cells with similar structures
which work together to perform a specific
function.
 Simple Tissue

Skin tissue

Epidermis and
mesophyll tissue
 Complex tissue

Blood Tissue
 Organ

- Gland tissue - Mesophyll tissue

- Muscular tissue - Xylem tissue
- Nervous tissue - Phloem Tissue
 Organ system
• Digestive system
• Circulatory system
• Respiratory system
• Nervous system
Levels of organisation in living
organisms