DEJ40033

PLC & AUTOMATION

 TOPIC 1
Introduction to Automation
System
Automation system in industry.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Explain and Compare Type of Automation System

Electromechanical relays

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• Explain About Relay
• Apply conventional electromechanical devices in automation
System - perform drawing the connection and schematic wiring relay.
• Design conventional logical control in hardwire/conventional system
 What definition of Automation is the use of control
Automation system in industry. systems and information
automation system
technologies to reduce the need for
human work in the production of
goods and services
Types of automation in industry.
• This control system is designed to perform
Fixed/Hardwired/conventional automation a specific task
• Functions of control circuit is fixed and
permanent.
• It will be complicated if we want to do
other task apart from the existing task
Types of automation in industry.

• Programmable automation or flexible automation is a

Programmable automation complex control system that can perform several tasks
• Functions of control circuit programmed by the user and
can be modified.
• When the task to be performed by machines changed,
changes only need to be done by making modifications to
the machine control program
 Comparison Types of Automation
  FIXED AUTOMATION FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION
     
Purpose Specific Variety
     
   
Ease of making Difficult Easy
changes/upgrade
     
Maintenance Hard Easy
   
  Depends on manufacturing and  
Capability design Very high
     
Speed Slow Fast
     
 
Economy efficiency Suitable for small system Suitable for
  All types of systems
     
Speed Slow Fast
     
 
Economy efficiency Suitable for small system Suitable for
  All types of systems
Tutorial – automation system

OBJECTIVE OF AUTOMATION SYSTEM to increase productivity

to improve quality of the product
Control production cost

GIVE EXAMPLE OF AUTOMATION SYSTEM. why U choose programmable automation?

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• Explain About Relay
• Apply conventional electromechanical devices in automation System - perform drawing the connection and
schematic wiring relay.
• Design conventional logical control in hardwire/conventional system

Symbol Structure diagram

Electromechanical relays

Refer to the animation relay below. Brainstroming

about the mechanical relay based on subtopic above

Operation and
sequence timing Relay pole & throw
chart
Poles : the number of sets of contacts (COM)
Throw: The number of positions or combinations
(open or close)the contacts have (NC / NO )
 Type of Relay – based on explanation draw the symbol of relay

This is a Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) relay. Current will

only flow through the contacts when the relay coil is
energized.

This is a Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) relay. Current will

flow between the movable contact and one fixed contact when
the coil is DEenergized and between the movable contact and
the alternate fixed contact when the relay coil is energized.
The most commonly used relay in car audio, the Bosch relay, is
a SPDT relay.

This is a Double Pole Single Throw (DPST) relay. When the

relay coil is energized, two separate and electrically isolated
sets of contacts are pulled down to make contact with their
stationary counterparts. There is no complete circuit path
when the relay is DEenergized.
This relay is a Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) relay. It
operates like the SPDT relay but has twice as many contacts.
There are two completely isolated sets of contacts

This is a 4 Pole Double Throw (4PDT) relay. It operates like the

SPDT relay but it has 4 sets of isolated contacts

Single Pole – relay have 1 common

Double Pole – relay have 2 common
Single Throw – relay have NC or NO
Double Throw – relay have NC and NO
 Operation and sequence timing chart
Input device:PushButton Input Device: switch
Explain the operation for
both example?

What difference structure of

switch & Push Button?

Pushbutton Pushbutton with Switch

holding circuit
 Operation and sequence timing chart

Input part output part

Device: switch,limit Device: Lamp, Motor
switch, start push DC, Buzzer
button, stop Need voltage supply to
pushbutton output device
Need voltage supply
to support/ energize
the coil
Learning outcomes: Design conventional logical control in hardwire/conventional system
Draw the Connection wiring and schematic wiring following relay operation
1. By using SPDT relay , press switch lamp 1 ON
2. By using DPDT relay, Press Switch lamp 1 OFF and Lamp 2 ON

switch -ve
+ve
Coil

com
lamp

No contact

Relay logic Ladder / Conventional Logical Control/ hardwire

logical control
Draw the Connection wiring and schematic wiring following relay operation
1. By using SPDT relay , press switch lamp 1 ON
2. By using DPDT relay, Press Switch lamp 1 OFF and Lamp 2 ON
3. By using 2 Relays, control Forward and reverse motor

switch -ve
+ve
Coil

com Lamp
1
No contact

com Lamp
2

NC contact
3. By using 2 Relays, control Forward and reverse motor

Switch 1

Switch 2
Explain the operation the circuit connection before press the switch and after press the switch
Relay Schematic : When Switch Not Pressed
Circuit Operation :
•When Switch S in Open state
•Relay Coil CR1 will be De-energized
•Relay Contact CR1-1 will be Open (Here Relay
NO contact is using in the circuit.)
•Red Lamp will be OFF as relay contact CR1-1 is
Normally Open (NO). so circuit open and no
current flow.
•Relay Contact CR1-2 will be Closed (Here Relay
NC contact is using in the circuit.)
•Green Lamp will be ON as relay contact CR1-2 is
Normally Closed (NC). so circuit closes and there is
a current flow.
Relay Schematic : When Switch Pressed

Circuit Operation :
•When Switch S in Closed state
•Relay Coil CR1 will be Energized
•Relay Contact CR1-1 will be Closed (Here Relay NO contact
is using in the circuit.)
•Red Lamp will be ON as relay contact CR1-1 Normally Open
(NO) contact becomes Normally closed as Relay is energized.
•Relay Contact CR1-2 will be Open (Here Relay NC contact is
using in the circuit.)
•Green Lamp will be OFF as relay contact CR1-2 Normally
Close (NC) contact becomes Normally Open as Relay is
energized.
Explain the operation the circuit connection when the switch convert to Push Button
When use Push Button, the circuit need to use HOLDING CIRCUIT
CONCEPT
HOLDING CIRCUIT

Switch OFF, relay

still get the
Com & NO Supply from Com
& NO
First Diagram: Electricity cannot flow to the load (Device Under Control) because of the normally open
contacts of switch (S1) and the relay.
Second Diagram: closing S1, energizing the relay coil and powering the load (device under control). Third
Diagram: Opening off Switch S1, allowing its contacts to open. Normally this would break the circuit and the
power will be turned off to the load; however, the closed relay contacts continue supplying current to both
the relay coil and the load.
Now we will see how to turn off the load. Our next circuit addresses the problem.

In this circuit we’ve added a normally closed switch (S2). Its purpose is to stop, means powering off
the load.
First Diagram: closing S1 and powering the load. Second Diagram: S1 opens, but the latch circuit
keeps the load on. Third diagram: When the closed switch S2 opens, de-energizing the relay and
stopping the load. Since the relay contacts are now open, closing S2 will not power the load again.
Tutorial
1. Based on circuit below, draw schematic diagram/ Conventional wiring.

Push Button -ve

+ve

Coil

com Lamp
1
No contact

Refer slide 22.

Press PB, coil energize, Contact NO-NC, lamp 1 ON
Release PB, Coil still energize , get supply from contact relay, lamp 1
still ON
How to OFF the lamp?
Tutorial
2. Based on circuit below, draw schematic diagram/ Conventional wiring. Add the stop push button to the
circuit.

+ve Stop Start

Push Button Push Button -ve

Coil

com
Lamp
1
No contact

Refer slide 23.

Press PB, coil energize, Contact NO-NC, lamp 1 ON
Release PB, Coil still energize , get supply from contact relay, lamp 1
still ON
Press stop PB, coil de –energize, lamp 1 OFF
What function of stop PB?
 Tutorial
3. identify type of relay
4. Explain the operation circuit..

Tutorial
3. identify type of relay- 4PDT
4.Explain the operation circuit.
- Normal state – lamp STOP ON
- When press Start PB coil energize,
- CR1-1 holding relay
- CR1-2 NC-NO Lamp STOP OFF
- CR1- NO-NC Lamp RUN ON
- CR1-4 NO-NC Motor ON
- Limit Switch /Emergency stop
active, - release Holding circuit (coil
de-energize). All contact back to
normal