Moral Decision-Making

⮚ refers to the ability to discern what is morally right from

morally wrong that requires moral reflectiveness on the
meaning of good and bad, Olson (2002)
⮚ It refers to ability to draw conclusions from the discernment to
develop convictions.
 1. Principle of formal cooperation
FOUR PRINCIPLES 2. Principle of Material cooperation
OF MORAL 3.  Principle of lessser evil
DISCERNMENT/JU 4. Principle of double effect
DGMENT
 ⮚ Informed consent to medical treatment is fundamental in both
Principle of ethics and law.

well-formed ⮚ Patients have the right to receive information and ask questions

conscience about recommended treatments so that they can make well-

considered decisions about care.
 Ethical Dilemma
Strategies of ⮚  is a problem in the decision-making process between two
Moral Decision- possible options, neither of which is absolutely acceptable from
Making Process an ethical perspective;
 1. Gather data and identify conflicting moral claims
2. Identify key participants
3. Determine moral perspective and phase of moral development
of key participants
PROCESS OF
ETHICAL DECISION 4. Determine desired outcomes

MAKING 5. Identify options

6. Act on the choice
7. Evaluate outcomes of actions
MeaningKristine
and Service Value of
Joy F. Anonuevo, Medical Care
RN,MAN
 A. Cost-effective

- limited resources for health should be allocated to maximize the

health benefits for the population served
Allocation of - Costs are measured in monetary terms; benefits are measured in
Health health improvements.
Resources - Cost-effectiveness is not merely an economic concern, because
improving people's health and well-being is a moral concern, and
an allocation of resources that is not cost-effective produces fewer
benefits than would have been possible with a different allocation
 B. Equity

- Is concerned with the distribution of benefits and costs to

distinct individuals or groups.
Allocation of
Health - Equity in health care distribution is complex and embodies
Resources several distinct moral concerns or issues that this chapter
delineates (Brock 2003a)
 1. Access to Quality Care - Patients want to be able to access their
healthcare when they want and need it.
2.  Geographic and Manpower Shortage
Issues involving 3. Limited education
access to care 4. Poor infrastructures
5.  Cost
6.  Scientific evidence vs Cultural Practice
THANK YOU