Carl Orff

Presentation Team

D20181084753 : Nafisah D20181083457

D20182086029 D20182086523
Nurul syafikah binti mohamad fozi
Rodney Aldo Raymond
muhammad azamuddin bin abd wahab

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 ✣ Carl Orff adalah komposer Jerman yang
diingati kerana opera dan kerjanya dalam
✣ Carl Orff was a German composer who is muzik  Dia mempamerkan bakat muzik
remembered for his operas and work in sejak usia awal. Dia mencapai kejayaan
music  He exhibited music talent from a komersial dengan ‘Carmina Burana.’ Carl
very early age. He Orff juga menubuhkan Sekolah muzik
achieved commercial success with ‘Carmina Gunther. 'Schulwerk' beliau untuk pelajar
Burana.’ Carl Orff also set up the Gunther muzik telah menjadi popular di seluruh
School of music. His ‘Schulwerk’ for students dunia.
of music has become popular around the
✣ Carl Orff ialah seorang komposer Jerman
world.
yang terkenal dengan opera dan karya
✣ Carl Orff is a German composer known dramatiknya serta inovasinya dalam
particularly for his operas and dramatic pendidikan muzik terutamanya untuk
works and for his innovations in music kanak-kanak.
 education especially for children.
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 Childhood and Early life
✣ Carl Heinrich Maria Orff was born on 10th July 1895 in Munich, Germany. He was born in a
Bavarian family who were originally Jewish by faith. His paternal grandfather converted
to Christian, and they became Roman Catholics. Carl Orff s parents were Heinrich Maria Orff
and mother Paula Koestler Orff. His father was an officer in the Imperial German Army. His
parents were musically talented and trained pianists.  Young Carl was exposed to music at
home. Carl Orff started to take piano lessons from his mother at the age of five. He was
introduced to cello after two years.

✣ Carl Heinrich Maria Orff dilahirkan pada 10 Julai 1895 di Munich, Jerman. Dia dilahirkan dalam keluarga
Bavaria yang pada asalnya Yahudi dengan kepercayaan. Datuk sebelah bapanya memeluk Kristian, dan
mereka menjadi Katolik Rom. Ibu bapa Carl Orff ialah Heinrich Maria Orff dan ibu Paula Koestler Orff.
Bapanya adalah seorang pegawai dalam Tentera Imperial Jerman. Ibu bapanya adalah pemain piano yang
berbakat muzik dan terlatih. Carl muda didedahkan dengan muzik di rumah. Carl Orff mula mengambil
pelajaran piano daripada ibunya pada usia lima tahun. Dia diperkenalkan dengan cello selepas dua tahun.
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5
 Musical Education
✣ Carl Orff began his formal training in 1905 at the Ludwigs Gymnasium, Two years later he
was shifted to Wittelsbach Gymnasium. Carl Orff was selected to the church choir, and he
performed solos also. He had very little interest in academics. He concentrated his energy
on music. He published his first composition ‘Zarathustra’ in 1911 and composed an opera
‘Gisel das Opfer.’ In 1912 Carl Orff joined the Akademie der Tonkunst (Academy of Music)
in Munich and graduated in 1914.

✣ Carl Orff memulakan latihan rasminya pada tahun 1905 di Gimnasium Ludwigs (dalam bahasa jerman
bermaksud sekolah menengah dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dua tahun kemudian dia dipindahkan ke Gimnasium
Wittelsbach. Carl Orff telah dipilih ke dalam koir gereja, dan dia juga membuat persembahan solo. Dia
sangat kurang minat dalam bidang akademik. Dia menumpukan tenaganya pada muzik. Beliau menerbitkan
gubahan pertamanya ‘Zarathustra’ pada tahun 1911dan mengarang opera ‘Gisel das Opfer.’ Pada tahun
1912 Carl Orff menyertai Akademie der Tonkunst (Akademi Muzik) di Munich dan menamatkan pengajian
pada tahun 1914.
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 Early Career
✣ After his graduation, in 1915 he began to take piano
lessons from Hermann Zilcher. He was employed as
Assistant Kapellmeister on Zilcher’s recommendation at
the Muenchener Kammerspiele. Though he enjoyed his
work he wanted to study more

✣ Selepas tamat pengajiannya, pada tahun 1915 dia mula mengambil pelajaran piano
daripada Hermann Zilcher. Beliau telah bekerja sebagai Penolong Kapellmeister atas
cadangan Zilcher di Muenchener Kammerspiele. Walaupun dia menikmati kerjanya, dia
mahu belajar lebih banyak

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 Music
✣ Carl Orff was drafted in 1917 into the army. He was seriously injured
in the World War I and was released in 1918. After the war, he began
to work freelance. Carl Orff held the position
of assistant Kapellmeister in the National Theatre at Mannheim and
the State Theatre in Darmstadt. He returned to Munich in 1919 and
began to teach music. His initial works showed a strong influence
of Richard Strauss. He later studied Schoenberg’s harmonic theory and
the French composer Claude Debussy. He was also influenced by the
works of Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi a 17th-century Italian
composer.
✣ The Russian musician Igor Stravinsky appealed a lot to Orff especially
his ‘Les notes,’ a pounding evocation of prehistoric rites

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 Main Career
✣ In 1924 Orff founded the Gunther School for gymnasium, music, and dance in Munich with
Dorothee Gunther. He remained its head till 1944. He developed new theories of musical
education. This came to be known as ‘elementare music.’ It included all aspects of art, dance, music,
language, theatre gestures, etc.  He shared these methods in a manual titled ‘Schulwerk. In 1930.
There was also a curriculum of songs for children and teachers. They were based on German folk
songs and poetry. The same year Carl Orff was named conductor and director of Munich Bach
Society. In 1934 when there was government control to weed out Jewish or modernist elements
from arts he resigned.

✣ In 1937 Carl Orff staged the reworked version of ‘Carmina Burana’ by Johann

Andreas Schmeller. This work was hugely popular with the Nazis and earned
him commercial successCarl Orff also taught music at Munich Music College, and
many of his students have become famous composers. He became the director of
The School of Music at Salzburg, Austria and held the position until death in 1982.

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 Awards
✣ Carl Orff received several awards and prizes. Some of them are Munich Music Prize (1947),
New York Music Critics Prize (1954), Bremen Music Prize (1956) and Mozart Prize
(1969). Orff received honorary doctorates from University of Tuebingen in 1955 and
the University of Munich in 1972.
✣ Carl Orff has been honored with Order pour le Merite for Science & Art in 1956, Cross of
Merit in 1959 and Great Cross of Merit in 1972 by the Federal Republic of Germany.

✣ Carl Orff menerima beberapa anugerah dan hadiah. Sebahagian daripadanya ialah Hadiah Muzik

Munich (1947), Hadiah Pengkritik Muzik New York (1954), Hadiah Muzik Bremen (1956) dan
Hadiah Mozart (1969). Orff menerima ijazah kedoktoran kehormat dari University of Tuebingen
pada tahun 1955 dan University of Munich pada tahun 1972.
✣ Carl Orff telah diberi penghormatan dengan Order pour le Merite untuk Sains & Seni pada tahun
1956, Cross of Merit pada tahun 1959 dan Great Cross of Merit pada tahun 1972
oleh Republik Persekutuan Jerman.
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Carl Orff Musical Phylosophy
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✣ The philosophy of Orff music education is to
produce a method of teaching music that is
integrated between pronunciation, movement,
and dance called schulwerk or school work. Orff
believes that a simple method of teaching
Music is to have students ’natural connection
to rhythm and melody, it takes place naturally.
Orff has planned perfectly starting with speech
patterns, rhythmic movements, and tones of
two notations as well as logical movements in
pentatonic melodies.

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Falsafah Pendidikan muzik orff adalah menghasilkan
kaedah pengajaran muzik yang diintegrasikan di antara
pengucapan, pergerakan, dan tarian yang
dinamakan schulwerk atau schoolwork. Orff percaya
bahawa kaedah yang mudah untuk mengajar Muzik
adalah dengan memperlihatkan hubungan semula jadi
pelajar-pelajar terhadap ritma dan melodi,ianya
berlangsung secara semula jadi. Orff telah merancang
dengan sempurna bermula dengn corak ucapan,
gerakan berirama, dan ton dua notasi serta pergerakan
yang logik dalam melodi pentatonik. 

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 PHYLOSOPHY & PRINCIPLE

Carl Orff believes that children

Carl Orff once said “experience first, then
must experience the movement
intellectualize” which means children should
be allowed to experience the musical world
and rhythm of music before
before they are taught about the musical they are instructed to
elements in the form of notation. understand it theoretically.

Carl Orff believes that rhythm is

Carl Orff believes that the transition the most important element of
from speech to rhythmic activity
music. Rhythm is taught first
and then to singing is the most
natural learning transition for before other musical elements.
children.
Carl Orff’s basic philosophy is the belief
that children can learn something through
active learning where imitation and
Carl Orff’s basic philosophy is the belief that exploration lead to the child’s ability to
children can learn something through active improvise and eventually be able to read
learning where imitation and exploration lead and write notation known as musical
to the child’s ability to improvise and literacy.
eventually be able to read and write notation Carl Orff’s transitional approach is
known as musical literacy. also used after a child has developed
the skills to play a musical
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instrument.
 FALSAFAH & PRINSIP

• Carl Orff percaya bahawa

• Carl Orff pernah berkata “Experience kanak-kanak harus
first, then intellectualize” yang mengalami pergerakan dan
bermaksud kanak-kanak harus irama muzik sebelum mereka
dibenarkan untuk mengalami dunia disuruh untuk memahaminya
muzikal sebelum mereka diajar secara teori.
tentang elemen-elemen muzikal
dalam bentuk notasi. • Carl Orff percaya bahawa irama
• Carl Orff percaya bahawa transisi adalah elemen muzik yang paling
daripada percakapan kepada aktiviti penting. Irama diajar dahulu
berirama dan kemudian kepada sebelum elemen-elemen muzik
nyanyian adalah transisi pembelajaran yang lain.
yang paling natural untuk kanak-kanak.
• Apabila Carl Orff merujuk
• Falsafah asas Carl Orff adalah kepercayaan bahawa kepada elemental music, beliau merujuk
kanak-kanak dapat mempelajari sesuatu melalui
kepada muzik yang dihasilkan oleh kanak-
pembelajaran yang aktif dimana imitasi dan
explorasi membawa kepada keupayaan kanak-kanak kanak yang tidak memerlukan latihan
untuk mengimprovisasi dan akhirnya mampu yang khusus.
membaca dan menulis notasi yang dikenali sebagai • Pendekatan Carl Orff yang mengikut
literasi muzik. transisi ini juga digunakan setelah
seorang kanak-kanak telah
memperkembangkan kemahiran untuk
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bermain alat muzik.
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Carl Orff Musical Approach

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 Gunther School/Schule
A school for gymnastics, music, and dance,

✣ Aimed at rhythmical education and a reiprocal interpenetration of movement and music

education

• Students would acquire a well-developed technique of improvisation

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 Orff Instrument
• Pitched percussion instruments with wooden and
✣ metal bars
• Xylophones, metallophone, glockenspiels, various
✣ drums, cymbals, woodblocks, rattles, viola da gambas
✣ and lutes

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 Rhythmic Training

• Carl Orff believed that

rhythmic training should not
start after adolescence, but
during the first schools years
and even earlier
• In his teaching method,
movement, singing, and
playing become unity

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 Music in the Elementary Classroom
Elementary music is never music alone but
forms a unity with movement, dance and
speech. It is music that one makes oneself, in
which one takes part not as a listener but as a
participants. It is unsophisticated, employs
no big forms and no big architectural
structures, and it uses small sequence forms,
ostinato and rondo. Elementary music is near
the earth, natural, physical, within the range
of everyone to learn and to experience it, and
suitable for the child”
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 A Musical Starting Point
• Melodic: The cuckoo-call (a falling third)
• A melodic range of notes: The five-note pentatonic scale
✣ that has no semi tones
• Speech: name-calling, counting out rhymes and the simplest of
children’s rhymes and songs

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 The Orff Institute
• The department “Orff Institute” at the University for Music in Salzburg is
devoted to the teaching and research of music and dance education as well
as to the documentation and further development of Orff Schulwerk

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 Orff Schulwerk
• Early 19th century in Germany
• Orff published a five volume work “Music for Children” which is called Schulwerk
• These works have been translated and adapted around the world
• “Pedagogy to organize elements of music for children through singing ,playing and dancing”
• Puts basic musical elements into small forms to make music manageable for small children:
 Song
 Pattern
• Based on personal experience
• Believed that integrating music and movement was
✣ fudamental to the learning process

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 Music Lesson
• Characteristics:
 Performing
 Listening
 Improvising
 Analysing
• Emphasis on feeling musical elements
• Ostinato
 Short pattern of notes which is repeated many times
 Used this accompaniment for singing and movement
 Simple instruments for children’s expression

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 Creativity

• Creativity is central to Orff-Schulwerk’s model to music pedagogy

• It is important that the teacher facilitates creativity
• His plan allows for multiple kinds of original work
• Teacher should be prepared to
 Help students notate the music they create
 Evaluate what music is produced
 Relate their creative efforts to learning musical form and style

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Carl Orff Contribution

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 Carmina Burana
✣ Carl Orff composed Carmina Burana in 1935 and 1936,
based on 24 poems from the medieval collection Carmina
Burana. Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae cantoribus
et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis atque
imaginibus magicis is the full Latin title ("Songs of
Beuern: Secular songs for singers and choruses to be
sung together with instruments and magical images"). On
June 8, 1937, the Oper Frankfurt staged its first
performance. It is part of the musical triptych Trionfi,
which also includes Catulli Carmina and Trionfo di
Afrodite. The piece's first and final sections are titled
"Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi" ("Fortune, Empress of the
World") and begin with "O Fortuna."

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Carmina Burana

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 Carmina Burana
✣ Carl Orff mengarang Carmina Burana pada tahun 1935 dan
1936, berdasarkan 24 puisi dari koleksi zaman pertengahan
Carmina Burana. Carmina Burana: Cantiones profanae
cantoribus et choris cantandae comitantibus instrumentis
atque imaginibus magicis ialah tajuk Latin penuh ("Lagu-lagu
Beuern: Lagu-lagu Sekular untuk penyanyi dan korus untuk
dinyanyikan bersama-sama dengan instrumen dan imej
ajaib"). Pada 8 Jun 1937, Oper Frankfurt mengadakan
persembahan pertamanya. Ia adalah sebahagian daripada
Trionfi triptych muzikal, yang turut merangkumi Catulli
Carmina dan Trionfo di Afrodite. Bahagian pertama dan
terakhir karya itu bertajuk "Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi"
("Rezeki, Permaisuri Dunia") dan bermula dengan "O Fortuna."

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 Die Kluge
✣ Die Kluge, to be precise. Carl Orff's opera Die
Geschichte von dem König und der klugen Frau (The
Wise [Girl]. The Story of the King and the Wise Woman)
is a 12-scene opera. On February 20, 1943, it had its
world debut at the Frankfurt Opera in Germany. This
opera was dubbed a Märchenoper by Orff (fairy tale
opera). The text was written by the composer and is
based on Grimm's "Die Kluge Bauerntochter" ("The
Peasant's Wise Daughter"). A typical performance lasts
about 90 minutes and is frequently performed in
conjunction with Orff's Der Mond.

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Carmina Burana

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 Die Kluge
✣ Die Kluge, tepatnya. Opera Carl Orff Die Geschichte von
dem König und der klugen Frau (The Bijaksana [Gadis].
Kisah Raja dan Wanita Bijaksana) ialah opera 12
adegan. Pada 20 Februari 1943, ia mempunyai debut
dunianya di Opera Frankfurt di Jerman. Opera ini
digelar sebagai Märchenoper oleh Orff (opera dongeng).
Teks itu ditulis oleh komposer dan berdasarkan "Die
Kluge Bauerntochter" karya Grimm ("The Peasant's
Wise Daughter"). Persembahan biasa berlangsung kira-
kira 90 minit dan sering dilakukan bersama dengan
Orff's Der Mond.

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 Prometheus
✣ Carl Orff wrote the opera Prometheus. The Greek text
of the opera is based on Aeschylus' drama (o – Promthes
desmts – Prometheus Bound), which is the only
surviving component of his Prometheus trilogy. Orff's
score counts as one of the most typical examples of the
operatic genre of Literaturoper since Aeschylus' text in
Ancient Greek was immediately placed to music
without edits or cuts. The premiere took place on
March 24, 1968 at Staatstheater Stuttgart, directed by
Ferdinand Leitner, in a Rudolf Sellner production with
Teo Otto's sets and costumes.

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Prometheus

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 Prometheus
✣ Carl Orff menulis opera Prometheus. Teks Yunani opera
adalah berdasarkan drama Aeschylus (o – Promthes
desmts – Prometheus Bound), yang merupakan satu-
satunya komponen yang masih hidup dalam trilogi
Prometheusnya. Skor Orff dikira sebagai salah satu
contoh paling tipikal bagi genre opera Sasterawan sejak
teks Aeschylus dalam bahasa Yunani Purba segera
diletakkan pada muzik tanpa suntingan atau potongan.
Tayangan perdana berlangsung pada 24 Mac 1968 di
Staatstheater Stuttgart, diarahkan oleh Ferdinand
Leitner, dalam produksi Rudolf Sellner dengan set dan
kostum Teo Otto.

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✣
Gassenhauer
Gassenhauer nach Hans Neusiedler (1536), also known as
Gassenhauer (pronounced [asnha]), is a short composition by Carl
Orff from his Schulwerk. It's an arrangement of a much older
composition by lutenist Hans Neusidler from 1536, as the full
title suggests. On at least one recent edition of the Schulwerk, it
(along with a few other pieces) is credited to Orff's longtime
partner Gunild Keetman. It has been used on television, radio, in
music, and in films many times, including the films Badlands
(1973), True Romance (1993) (cover version by Hans Zimmer),
Ratcatcher (1999), Finding Forrester (2000), Monster (2003),
Michael Moore's Capitalism: A Love Story (2009), and The
Simpsons' 22nd-season episode "The Scorpion's Tale" (2011). In
the 1970s, the song was utilised as the theme music for the
afternoon radio show Gassenhauer on the classical music station
WCLV in Cleveland, Ohio.

✣  

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✣  
Gassenhauer

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✣
Gassenhauer
Gassenhauer nach Hans Neusiedler (1536), juga dikenali sebagai
Gassenhauer (disebut [asnha]), ialah gubahan ringkas oleh Carl
Orff daripada Schulwerknya. Ia adalah susunan gubahan yang
lebih lama oleh ahli luten Hans Neusidler dari 1536, seperti yang
dicadangkan oleh tajuk penuh. Pada sekurang-kurangnya satu
edisi Schulwerk baru-baru ini, ia (bersama dengan beberapa
keping lain) dikreditkan kepada rakan kongsi lama Orff, Gunild
Keetman. Ia telah digunakan di televisyen, radio, dalam muzik,
dan dalam filem berkali-kali, termasuk filem Badlands (1973),
True Romance (1993) (versi muka depan oleh Hans Zimmer),
Ratcatcher (1999), Finding Forrester (2000), Monster (2003),
Kapitalisme Michael Moore: Kisah Cinta (2009), dan episod
musim ke-22 The Simpsons "The Scorpion's Tale" (2011). Pada
tahun 1970-an, lagu itu digunakan sebagai muzik tema untuk
rancangan radio petang Gassenhauer di stesen muzik klasik
WCLV di Cleveland, Ohio. 

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✣ Thank You

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