Introduction to Health & Safety

What is Health ?

Absence of disease Physical , mental & social well being

What is Safety ?

Freedom from Uncontrolled / unacceptable / significant risks

Difference Between Safety and Health?

Estimated workplace deaths in the UK 2005/06

Safety 212 Health 6,000

Definitions
y Hazard y Risk y Risk assessment y Accident

Near accident / Near-miss / Incident

Definitions
y Hazard? A hazard is the inherent potential to cause injury or damage to peoples health ILO 1981 or something with the potential to cause loss (HSE 2000). Hazards may be : physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic or psychological.

Definitions
y Risk? Risk is a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people caused by this event ILO 1981 or the likelihood that harm will occur and the severity of the harm HSE 2000 Likelihood X Severity

Definition of Hazard and Risk

azard + Activity = Risk
A measure of the Likelihood for an incident to occur and of the potential Severity of the consequences. Any part of a job-specific process, task or procedure associated with a product or service azard is something with the potentia to cause a loss (human, assets , money etc)

Definitions
y Accident


An unplanned, unwanted event which results in a loss of any kind. example: An employee tripped over a cable that had been left lying on the ground across the walkway, as he was carrying a box back to his office. The employee broke his wrist and/or the contents of the box were broken when dropped.

Definitions
y Incident / Near-miss / Near Accident or close call


An unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to result in a loss , BUT example: An employee tripped over a cable lying across a walkway. After falling to the ground the employee got up and fortunately did not suffer any injuries.

Why Manage Health and Safety?

y

Moral reasons

Legal

Financial

Management Systems
   

Plan Do Check Act

Step 1 Establish standards for health & safety management based on risk assessment and legal requirements Step 4 Review against objectives and standards and take appropriate action

Step 2 Implement plans to achieve objectives and standards

Step 3 Measure progress with plans and compliance with standards

H & S M S : ILO-OSH, 2001 (ILO)

Continual improvement Policy

y y y

Policy Organising Planning and Implementation Monitoring Audits & Reviews

Action for improvement

Audit

Organising

y y

Evaluation Planning & implementation

Continual improvement

Policy
y Business plan for safety
 

Health and safety aims Health and safety objectives Management commitment

Contents of the Health and Safety Policy

y y y

Statement of intent Organisation Arrangements

Organising
y Promoting a positive H & S culture  Competence

Recruitment, knowledge, ability training, experience, qualifications Allocating responsibility and accountability Securing commitment Information, training instruction and supervision (ITIS) Internal and external Oral, written, visible

Commitment and control

 

Co-operation

Communication

Organisation
y y

organization


Identifies Channels of communication within the Identifies Roles and Responsibilities

General

Person with ultimate responsibility Production D irector Senior Management Workers Prodcution M anager
P roductionO peratives

M anaging D irector

Accounts Director

Adm inistrationDirector

AccountsM anagers

O M ffice anager

Specific

Sales operatives

O O ffice peratives Junior

Health and Safety Adviser Trainees Health and Safety Rep Key persons, e.g. First-aid, fire safety, training

Arrangements

How the policy will be implemented : The practical means for achieving the objectives laid down in the policy statement

Example Arrangements:
y Risk assessment process y Safe systems of work y Selection and control of y y y

development y Permit-to Work y Plant, equipment, substance purchase and use y Use and handling of hazardous substances
y Driving on Company

y y y

business

Contractors Provision and use of PPE Emergency procedures, fire, first-aid, etc. Accident / incident reporting and investigation Active and reactive monitoring Welfare Training

OHSAS 18001, 1999

y y y y y

OH&S Policy Planning Implementation and operation Checking and corrective action Management review

Planning and Implementation

y y y y y y y y

Set targets Identify hazards, assess and control risks Standard setting and monitoring Legal compliance Safe systems of work Purchase policy Control of contractors Emergency procedures

Monitoring / Evaluation
y Measuring performance  Active monitoring  Reactive monitoring

Action for Improvement (Audits/Reviews)

y Learn from experience
 

Audit Performance review

Active and reactive monitoring Benchmarking Achievement of objectives

y Continual improvement