Human Hungers & Motivation

DRIVERS OF
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
 What is Motivation

Motivation is an energized behavioral response

that seeks satisfaction

of a felt human hunger.

 Theories of Motivation

• Abraham Maslow :
Hierarchy of Human Hungers

• Herzberg :
2- Factor Theory of Motivation
Maintenance Factors & Motivators

• McGregor :
Theory X & Theory Y Assumptions
Abraham Maslow : Need Hierarchy

Human Behavior is driven by a set of Needs (Hungers)

that undergird Human nature.

These needs manifest in hierarchical order.

Maslow represents this hierarchical order in the form of
a Triangle.
Abraham Maslow : Need Hierarchy

SELF –
ACTUALIZATION

PSY: SELF-
ESTEEM

PSY:RECOGNITION

SOCIAL : BELONGING

SAFETY : SECURITY

PHYSIOLOGICAL: air, food & water,

temperature etc
Needs and Human Nature

Each needs corresponds to a specific human aspect :

• Physiological,
• Social,
• Psychological and
• Spiritual

• A Need emerges as a driving force of behavior when the Need lower

in the order is reasonably well satisfied.
Contours & Hungers of Human Nature

Human Contour Human Hunger

 Animal  Physiological & Security

 Social  Belonging

 Psychological  Recognition & Self

Esteem
 Spiritual
 Service beyond Self
Hunger Satisfaction & Growth

Hunger Satisfaction leads to fulfillment of Human potential.

Hunger Deprivation leads to Human degeneration & eventual death.

 The HRM Motivational Challenge

The Mission of Human Resource Management :

To build an Organization,
configure Work Roles &
develop the Human Response
so that
the Job itself generates satisfaction
of emerging Human Hungers
Exercise : Motivation

1. Which is the Need that currently drives your behavior in the workplace?

2. Does your Job give you adequate scope to fulfill your felt Hungers.

3. What concrete measures can you adopt to enhance the need-satisfaction

quotient of your job?

4. How can you become more aware & caring of the needs of your Work
Team & Colleagues. How can you reach out to help them meet these needs?
 Herzberg : Two Factor Theory of Motivation :
Maintenance Factors & Motivators

Maintenance Factors :
The external Working environment & conditions
that facilitate the performance process.

Examples : Physical Environment, Monetary Compensation, Canteen &

Transportation, Tools & Technology.

Maintenance Factors are Performance enablers. They are do not energize

Performance.

Absence of Maintenance Factors have a negative impact on morale &

performance.
Herzberg : Two Factor Motivation Theory Motivation :
Maintenance & Motivators

MOTIVATORS :

Factors that energize performance to attain superior Productivity.

Examples :

 Challenging work that promotes new levels of achievement

 Autonomy that empowers and promotes creative risk-taking.

 Validating communication & feedback from significant others that

builds confidence and competence.

 Team spirit that builds Workplace Community.

 McGregor : Theory X & Theory Y Assumptions

Theory X Assumption :

“Human Beings, by their very nature abhor ‘Work’. Hence, by default, people
unconsciously engage in work-avoiding behavior.

Theory Y Assumption :
Human Beings, by their very nature, seek to engage in ‘Work’.
Work is essential to human life and well-being.
 Effects of Assumptions

Leaders who hold theory X Assumptions,

use management styles that
control people & restrict motivation.

Leaders who hold theory Y Assumptions,

use management styles that
empower people & unleash motivation
Examine unconscious beliefs and pre-judgements

What beliefs do you hold of People

& Groups in your workplace --
unconscious judgements that
colour your perceptions and
shape your attitudes towards these persons and groups.