WHAT IS FIRST AID?

Is the immediate/temporary care given to a person who has

been injured or suddenly taken ill.
 IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID:

Self Help
Safety Awareness
Help for Others
Preparation for disaster
 FIRST AID is essential in emergency cases. Knowing what
action needs to be taken to control an emergency can make
the difference between life and death. Emergencies occur all
around us, in all spheres of life. Someone may be injured at
work, school or at home. When this happens, first aid basics
will equip anyone around the injured person to reduce the
danger posed by the accident.
WOUNDS
ARE BREAK IN THE CONTINUITY OF THE TISSUE
OF THE BODY EITHER INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL.
 Classifications:
• Closed Wound
• Open Wound
TYPES OF OPEN WOUND
ABRASIONS – scrape on the outer layer of the skin
LACERATIONS – are jagged, irregular, or blunt break in the
soft tissue.
INCISIONS – commonly caused by knives, broken glass, or
other sharp objects.
PUNCTURES – are caused by any pointed objects.
AVULSION- involved the forcible separation or tearing
of tissue from the victim’s body.
METHODS OF CONTROLLING/STOPPING
BLEEDING
Direct Pressure
ELEVATION
 HEMORRHAGE
The term hemorrhage refers to a large amount of
bleeding in a short time. External bleeding can be
classified into three types according to the type of
blood vessel that is damaged: an artery, vein or
capillary.
 ARTERY
A vessel that carries blood high in oxygen content
away from the heart to the farthest reaches of the
body.
Since blood in arteries are usually full of oxygen, the
hemoglobin in the red blood cells are oxygenated.
 ARTERIAL BLEEDING
As the name suggests, blood flow originating in an
artery. With this type of bleeding, the blood is
typically bright red to yellowish in color, due to the
high degree of oxygenation. Blood typically exits
the wound in spurts rather than in a steady flow.
 VEIN
Any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation
system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted
blood toward the heart.
Most veins carry deoxygenated.
 CAPILLARY
Although tiny, the capillary plays an important role in the
circulatory system. The walls of capillaries act as semi
permeable membranes that permit the exchange of various
substances, including fluids and the gases oxygen and carbon
dioxide, between the bloodstream and the tissues of the
body.
 FRACTURE
A crack or break in a continuity of a bone.
 Causes:
 Direct Violence
 Indirect Violence
 Severe Twisting Force
 Aging
SPLINTING
DISLOCATION- is separation of bone from its
position at a joint.
SPRAIN
 The partial or complete stretching or tearing of the
special soft tissue bands that hold bones together at a
joint, called ligaments.
STRAIN
 A stretching or tearing of muscles or the strong fibers
that attach muscle to bone, called tendons.
COMMON MEDICAL
PROBLEMS
FAINTING – partial or complete loss of consciousness
due to temporary, insufficient supply of blood to the
brain.
 signs and symptoms:
 Pale, cold, and clammy skin
 Increase sweating
 Disturbances
 Dizziness
 Cyanosis (lips and fingernails)
 Nausea
First Aid for Fainting
 CONVULSION
An attack of consciousness, usually of violent onset
accompanied by rigidity of the muscle.
 signs and symptoms:
 Jerking movements
 Bluish discoloration of the face and lips
CHOKING
 Occurs when a foreign object becomes lodged in the
throat or windpipe, blocking the flow of air.
 Common Causes of Choking
Trying to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food.
Drinking alcohol before or during meals(alcohol dulls the
nerves that aids in swallowing)
Wearing dentures
Eating excitedly or eating too fast.
Walking, playing or running with objects in the mouth.
BURNS
Any injury that result from heat/cold (thermal), chemical,
electric current and radiation. It may vary in depth, size
and severity that may damage cells in the affected area.
Do’s Dont’s
 Do cool a burn by  Don’t apply ice directly to any
burn unless it is very minor.
flushing with water.
 Don’t touch a burn with
 Do cover the burn with anything except a clean
dry clean covering, covering.
such as sterile dressing.  Don’t remove pieces of cloth
 Do keep the victim that stick to the burn area.
 Don’t try to clean a severe burn.
comfortable and from
 Don’t break blisters
being chilled or
 Don’t use any kind of ointment
overheated. on severe burn.
 HEAT RELATED ILLNESS
HEAT CRAMPS
 Are the least severe, the first signals that the body is having
trouble with the heat.
HEAT EXHAUSTION
 Are more severe condition than cramps characterized
by pale and clammy skin, nausea, headache, and
general weakness.
HEAT STROKE
Is the least common but most severe heat emergency.
• Develops when the body systems are overwhelmed by
heat and begin to stop functioning.
• Generally characterized by high body temperature, hot
skin, rapid but weak pulse and possible
unconsciousness.
 NOSEBLEEDING
• Nosebleeds- result of blowing too hard, sneezing, air
pressure changes or high BP
 Broken nose- bones at the bridge of the nose may be
broken by injury , often in traffic accidents.
FIRST AID FOR A BROKEN NOSE
 Have the individual inhale out of his/her mouth.
 Have the victim sit upright and incline forward to help
hold blood from going down the back of the throat.
 Apply a chill ice pack to the nose.
 Note : Do not endeavor to straighten a broken nose.
 Foreign Body in the Nose- small children often pushes
objects into their nostrils.
CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
 CARDIO PULMONARY RESUSCITATION

CABD’S of CPR
• C – circulation
 Is the person’s heart stop beating?
 Is the person bleeding severely?
• A – airway
 Does the person have an open airway?
• B – breathing
 Is the person breathing?
• D – defibrillation
 Is an AED available?
 RECOVERY POSITION
If a person is unconscious but is breathing and has no
other life-threatening conditions, they should be
placed in the recovery position. Putting someone in
the recovery position will keep their airway clear and
open. It also ensures that any vomit or fluid won’t
cause them to choke.