FIRST AID

Definition

First aid is the treatment given when an accident or

sudden illness occur using whatever materials or
equipment available at the time until the patient
can be removed to first health center
(Ambulance, Hospital or clinic)
 Aim of the first aid

1. Keep the patient alive.

2. Prevent the condition from become worse.
3. Help the person to recover.
 Important point
1 when you arrive the site of emergency you must be
observe and sum-up the general condition.
2 looking quickly and decide what likely to be wrong and
what you are going to have to do.
3 control people standing around.
4 Tell anyone present to call the ambulance.
5 The story of what happened must be collected by
direct questioning from the person or some saw what
happened.
6 Ask the person direct question (what do you feel?).
7 Determine the nature of emergency.
8 Comfort the patient and give him confidence that
you know what you are doing.
9 Determine the severity of the case.
 FIRST AID
 Bone, joint, and muscle injury
 Bleeding
 Shock
 Burns
 Electrical injury
 Eye injury
 Heat illness
 Wounds
 Seizures
 Unconsciousness
 Bone, joint, and muscle
injury
•Fractures
•Dislocations
•Sprains
•Strains
 Fractures

•Definition: breaks or cracks in bones

•Types: 1-Closed
2-Open

•Causes:
•car accidents
•falls
•sport injuries
•bone diseases
 Dislocations

•Definition: bone is separated from its normal

position at a joint.
•Common causes: falls
sport injuries
car accidents

Sprains
•Definition: partial or complete tearing of ligaments

•Common causes:like dislocation

 Strains

•Definition:stretching and tearing of muscle or tendons

•Common causes:lifting something too heavy

• Symptoms&signs(for all)
1. Pain
2. Swelling
3. Deformity
4. Bruising of skin
5. Limited use of affected part
 FIRST AID
1. Call EMS
2. Don’t move the patient
3. Control bleeding
4. Care for shock
5. Monitor ABCs

If you will move the victim you should (splint)

• Purpose of splinting
• Decrease pain
• immobilize fractured part
• minimize bleeding
 Basic principles of splinting
•Splint only if you can do it
•Splint an injury in the position you found it
•immobilize bone above & below fracture
•check circulation before & after
Remember
•Don’t move an injured part without splinting
•you can splint an injured part to another part of the
body
•Apply cold compresses for closed fractures only
 IN NECK AND BACK
INJURIES

1. Call EMS
2. Don’t move the victim
3. Support the head
4. Check ABCs
in danger, move the patient either by
• Foot drag
• Clothes drag
 BLEEDING

•Definition: loss of blood

•Types: Arterial, venous and capillary
External-Internal
•External bleeding:with open wound as
abrasion-laceration-puncture-avulsion-stap.

•Life threatening conditions in external bleeding:

1-bleeding did not stop with all measures
2-blood spurting from the wound
 FIRST AID IN EXTERNAL
BLEEDING
1. Call EMS
2. Apply direct pressure on the wound
3. Elevate the injured part above heart level
4. Apply pressure bandage
5. If blood soaks through the bandage, apply more
pads
6. Check ABC continuously
7. Apply pressure at pressure points
PRESSURE POINTS
 PREVENT DISEASE TRANSMISSION

1-Place an effective barrier between

you and victim’s blood
2-Wash your hand with soap and water after
providing care

3-Do not touch your mouth or eat while providing

care
 INTERNAL BLEEDING

Definition:escape of blood from arteries, veins or

capillaries into spaces inside the body.

Degrees:ranges from minor bruises to bleeding

from deeper arteries.

Causes: 1-blunt trauma

2-car accidents
3-falling from a height
4-bone fracture
 SIGNS&SYMPTOMS

It is hard to be recognized and take time to appear

1. Bruising skin in injured area

2. skin of abdomen is tender, swollen and hard
3. restlessness
4. rapid, weak pulse
5. rapid breathing
6. cool, moist and pale skin
7. thirst
8. disturbed consciousness
 FIRST AID

In simple bruises:ice packs

In severe internal Hg.:
1. call EMS
2. do not do further harm
3. monitor ABCs
4. put the victim in a comfortable position
5. maintain normal body temperature
6. reassure
 SHOCK
Life threatening condition

Definition:a condition in which the circulatory

system fails to provide adequate oxygenated blood
to the vital organs(heart, brain, liver and kidney)

Causes: 1-heart attack

2-bleeding
3-dehydration
4-severe heat or cold
5- severe pain
6-electric shock
 SIGNS&SYMPTOMS

1. weakness and dizziness

2. restlessness
3. cold, clammy skin
4. pale extremes
5. chest pain
6. thirst
7. nausea and
unconsciousness
 FIRST AID

In a victim with no spinal injury:

1. call EMS
2. try to determine the cause of shock
3. nothing by mouth
4. check ABCs
5. place the victim in shock position
6. give the first aid to underlying illness or injury
7. control external bleeding as soon as possible.
In a victim with suspected spinal injury:
(Do not move the victim except in danger)

1. call EMS
2. try to determine the cause of shock
3. nothing by mouth
4. check ABCs
5. place the victim in position you found
6. give the first aid to underlying illness or injury
7. control external bleeding as soon as possible.
8. cover the victim with a blanket
 BURNS
Common causes:
1. carelessness with matches and cigarettes
2. scalds from hot liquids
3. unsafe use of inflammable liquids
4. unsafe use of strong acids or alkalis
Types:
1. first degree
2. second degree
3. third degree
 CRITICAL BURNS
Call EMS at once in the following

1. burns with trouble breathing

2. burns of head, neck, hands, feet and genitals
3. burns from chemicals and electricity
4. burns that cover more than one body part
5. second or third degree burn in infant or old
persons
 FIRST AID
For heat burn
1. check the scene
2. call EMS
3. care for the burn
• cool the burned area
• cover the burned area
• prevent infection
• care for shock
 REMEMBER
Do not use ice in cooling the burn

Do not try to remove clothing that is

sticking to skin

Do not put any ointment on the burn

Do not break blisters

Do not try to clean third degree burn

 FIRST AID
For chemical burns

1. Check the scene

2. call EMS
3. use lots of cool running water to wash
4. remove clothes on which chemicals have
spilled
5. care for shock
6. monitor ABCs
 First aid
for electric burns
1. Never approach the victim until you are sure
that the power is off
2. keep other bystanders away from any
source of live current
3. check the scene
4. call EMS
5. care for shock
6. care for burned areas
7. do not move the victim
8. continuous check for ABCs
 EYE INJURIES
Common Causes:
1. blunt trauma(a fist)
2. Foreign body
3. chemicals
Signs&symptoms
1. tearing
2. redness
3. difficulty to open the eye
 FIRST AID
1. call EMS
2. try to remove the foreign body by telling
the victim to blink several times
3. flush the eye with water
4. care for open wound if present
Your family needs you