TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

FIRST AID
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE
 What is First Aid?

Is the provision of initial care for

an illness or injury

It is usually performed by a lay

person to a sick or injured patient
until definitive medical treatment
can be accessed.
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

1. Preserve Life
2. Prevent further harm
3. Provide pain relief
 IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID
• Statistics show that accidents are the
leading cause of death among 1 to 38
years old.
• A doctor may not be available to come
to the scene of the emergency.
• Prevents worsening of injury, aids
recovery, and preserves life.
Golden Rules in giving Emergency Care
- What to do:
1. Obtain Consent, when possible.
2. Do think for the worst.
3. Call or send for help.
4. Identify yourself to the victim.
5. Respect victim modesty and physical privacy.
6. Be calm and as direct as possible.
7. Care for the most serious injuries first.
8. Assist the victim with his / her prescribed medications.
 The Role of the students in providing Emergency
care when disaster strikes:

It enables them to help the authorities when responding

to a disaster.

They could become aware of what to do if there is an

emergency.
 THE FIRST AID KIT

Gauze and bandages Gloves

Medical tape Tweezers
Medical scissors Beta dine
Alcohol wipes Cold pack
Antibiotic ointment
Sterile cotton pads
Pain relievers
COMMON EMERGENCY CASES

Shock
Burn
Poisoning
Shock
Is a life-threatening condition that
occurs when the body is not
getting enough blood flow. This
can damage multiple organs.
Shock requires immediate medical
treatment and can get worse very
rapidly.
Major classes of Shock
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
-associated with heart problems
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
-caused by inadequate blood volume
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK 
-caused by allergic reaction
SEPTIC SHOCK
-associated with infections
NEUROGENIC SHOCK
-caused by damage to the nervous system
Shock can be caused by any condition that
reduces blood flow
• Heart problems such as heart attack or heart
failure
• Low blood volume as with
heavy bleeding or dehydration
• Changes in blood vessels as with infection
or severe allergic reactions
Symptoms of Shock

• Anxiety or agitation/restlessness
• Bluish lips and fingernails
• Chest pain
• Confusion
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or faintness
Symptoms of Shock

• Pale, cool, clammy skin

• Low or no urine output
• Profuse sweating, moist skin
• Rapid but weak pulse
• Shallow breathing
• Unconsciousness
 Burn
To distinguish a minor burn from a
serious burn, the first step is to
determine the extent of damage
to body tissues. The three burn
classifications of first-degree burn,
second-degree burn and third-
degree burn will help you
determine emergency care.
Burn
1st-degree Burn
The least serious burns are
those in which only the
outer layer of skin is burned,
but not all the way through.
• The skin is usually red
• Often there is swelling
• Pain sometimes is present
First Aid for 1st-degree Burn
Treat a first-degree burn as a minor burn
unless it involves substantial portions of the
hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, or a
major joint, which requires emergency
medical attention.
2nd-degree Burn
When the first layer of skin has
been burned through and the
second layer of skin (dermis)
also is burned, the injury is
called a second-degree burn.
• Blisters develop
• Skin takes on an intensely
reddened, splotchy appearance
• There is severe pain and
swelling.
First Aid for 2nd-degree Burn

If the second-degree burn is no larger than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter, treat it
as a minor burn. If the burned area is larger
or if the burn is on the hands, feet, face,
groin or buttocks, or over a major joint, treat
it as a major burn and get medical help
immediately.
 Caution
Don't use ice. Putting ice directly on
a burn can cause a person's body to
become too cold and cause further
damage to the wound.
Don't apply egg whites, butter or
ointments to the burn. This could
cause infection.
Don't break blisters. Broken blisters
are more
vulnerable to infection.
3rd-degree Burn
3rd-degree Burn

The most serious burns involve all layers of the skin

and cause permanent tissue damage. Fat, muscle and
even bone may be affected. Areas may be charred
black or appear dry and white. Difficulty inhaling and
exhaling, carbon monoxide poisoning, or other toxic
effects may occur if smoke inhalation accompanies the
burn.
For Major Burns
• For major burns, call 117 or emergency medical help. Until
an emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:
• Don't remove burned clothing. However, do make sure the
victim is no longer in contact with smoldering materials or
exposed to smoke or heat.
• Don't immerse large severe burns in cold water. Doing so
could cause a drop in body
temperature (hypothermia) and
deterioration of blood pressure and
circulation (shock).
For Major Burns

• Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or

movement). If there is no breathing or other sign of
circulation, begin CPR.
• Elevate the burned body part or parts. Raise above
heart level, when possible.
• Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist, sterile
bandage; clean, moist cloth; or moist cloth towels.
Poisoning
Poisoning
• A poison - also called a toxin - is a substance which, if
taken into the body in sufficient quantity, may cause
temporary or permanent damage.
• Poisons can be swallowed, absorbed through the skin,
inhaled, splashed into the eyes, or injected. Once in the
body, they may enter the bloodstream and be carried
swiftly to all organs and tissues. Recognition features vary
with the poison
- they may develop quickly or over a
number of days.
Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning
Common signs and symptoms to look for include:
• Burns or redness around the mouth and lips, from drinking certain
poisons
• Breath that smells like chemicals, such as gasoline or paint thinner
• Burns, stains and odors on the person, on clothing, or on furniture,
floor, rugs or other objects in the surrounding area
• Empty medication bottles or scattered pills
• Vomiting, difficulty breathing, sleepiness,
confusion or other unexpected signs
When to call for help?
Call National Emergency Hotline in
the Philippines :
911. Philippine National
Police Hotline: 117 or (02) 8722-0650
or your local emergency number
immediately if the person is:
• Drowsy or unconscious
• Having difficulty breathing or has
stopped breathing
• Uncontrollably restless or agitated
• Having seizures
What to do while waiting for help?

Some things you can do for the person until help

arrives:
• If the person has been exposed to poisonous fumes, such
as carbon monoxide, get him or her into fresh air
immediately.
What to do while waiting for help?

• If the person swallowed the poison, remove anything

remaining in the mouth.
• If the suspected poison is a household cleaner or
other chemical, read the label and follow instructions
for accidental poisoning. If the product is toxic, the
label will likely advise you to call the poison center
• Follow treatment directions that are given by the
poison control center.
 What to do while waiting for help?
• If the poison spilled on the person's clothing, skin or
eyes, remove the clothing. Flush the skin or eyes with
cool or lukewarm water, such as by using a shower for
20 minutes or until help arrives.
• Make sure the person is breathing. If not, start CPR and
rescue breathing.
• Take the poison container
(or any pill bottles) with you to the hospital.
 REFERENCES

References:
Labuguen, Florida C. et al., (2012). Understanding the National
Service Training Program. Malabon City: MUTYA Publishing
House, Inc.

http
://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056
649
http://www.sja.org.uk/sja/first-aid-advice/poisoning.aspx