Standard First Aid

and CPR/AED
 When Emergencies Arise
• Emergencies happen
all too often and early
intervention can save
a life.

• CPR and first aid

skills are important to
know.

3
FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT
 First Aid
• Is immediate help provided to a sick or
injured person until professional medical
help arrives or become available

Basic Life Support

• Emergency procedure that consist of
recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest.
 Objective of First Aid
• Preserve life
• Prevent further harm and complications
• Seek immediate medical help
• Provide reassurance
Disease Transmission
 Infectious Diseases are those that can
spread from one person to another through
the following ways:

– Direct Contact
Disease Transmission
 Infectious Diseases are those that can
spread from one person to another through
the following ways:
– Indirect Contact
Disease Transmission
 Infectious Diseases are those that can
spread from one person to another through
the following ways:
– Airborne Transmission
Disease Transmission
 Infectious Diseases are those that can
spread from one person to another through
the following ways:
– Bites
 HEALTH HAZARDS AND RISK
Common Transmittable Disease
HERPES
 HEALTH HAZARDS AND RISK
Common Transmittable Diseases
MENINGITIS
 HEALTH HAZARDS AND RISK
Common Transmittable Diseases
TUBERCULOSIS
 HEALTH HAZARDS AND RISK
Common Trasnmittable Diseases
HEPATITIS
 HEALTH HAZARDS AND RISK
Common Transmittable Diseases
HIV
CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.  

 Adult Chain of Survival

Early Cardio
Early Early advanced Post Cardiac
Early Access Pulmonary
Defibrillation life support Arrest Care
Resuscitation
 Heart Attack
• Also called “myocardial infarction” occurs
when the blood and oxygen supply to the
heart is reduced.

Cardiac Arrest
• Condition Occurs when the heart stop
contracting
 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR)
• CPR combines rescue
breathing and chest
compressions.
• Rescue breathing
provides oxygen to the
person's lungs.
• Chest compressions keep
oxygen-rich blood flowing
until the heartbeat and
breathing can be
restored.
 Check for Responsiveness
Check for
responsiveness

If there is no
response, shout for
help

Carefully place the

victim on his or her
back
 Chest Compression

Perform chest
compressions

12
 Not Breathing
Open the airway

Look, listen and

feel for breathing

Continue CPR
CPR Instructional Video
Hands Only CPR
 What is an Automated External
Defibrillator (AED)?
• An automated
external defibrillator
(AED) is a portable
device that checks
the heart rhythm.
• Learning how to use
an AED and taking a
CPR course are
helpful.
Photo Source: National Institutes of Health

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2014. All rights reserved.  

AIRWAY AND BREATHING
EMERGENCIES
Foreign-body Airway Obstruction
• Also known as Choking. Is a common breathing
emergency that occurs when the person’s airway is
partially or completely blocked by a foreign object or
piece of food; swelling in the mouth or throat; or by fluids
such as vomit or blood
 Two Types of Obstruction
• 1. Anatomical Obstruction
– When tongue drops back and obstruct the
throat. Other causes are acute asthma, croup,
diphtheria, swelling and whooping cough.

• 2..Mechanical Obstruction
– When foreign objects lodged in the pharnyx or
airways; solid or liquid accumulate in the back
of the throat

.
 Classifications of Airway
Obstruction
• 1. Mild Airway Obstruction
- Is a type of obstruction in which patient can
still talk, make wheezing sounds, and answer
the question “are you choking?”
.
• 2. Severe Airway Obstruction
– Is a poor air exchange and increased
breathing difficulty, inability to speak, cough
and breath

.
Causes

1. Swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food.

2. Drinking Alcohol
3. Wearing Dentures
4. Eating while talking excitedly, laughing, or
eating too fast
5. Walking, Playing or running with food or objects
. in the mouth
Back blows & Abdominal Chest thrust

• Is a first aid Procedure that is

performed on a person who is choking.
This is done by applying pressure on
the upper back and upper abdomen or
at the chest at the center of the
breastbone from the back so as to
remove the choking object
Respiratory Arrest
• Type of breathing emergencies which
occurs when breathing has stopped.

Rescue Breathing

• A technique of breathing air into a person

to supply him/her with the oxygen needed
to survive.
 Signs & Symptoms
• Hoarse whistling sound during exhalation
(wheezing)
• Trouble breathing or shortness of breath
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Sweating
• Tightness in the chest
• Inability to talk without stopping for a
breath
Asthma Attack

• Illness in which certain substances or

conditions; called “triggers” cause
inflammation and constriction of the
airways, making breathing difficult.
 First Aid Management
• Remain Calm
• Help the person to sit comfortably
• Loosen any tight clothing around the neck and
abdomen
• Assist the person with his or her prescribed
quick-relief medication under the following
conditions:
– The victim states that he/she is having an asthma
attack and has medication
– The victim identifies the medication and is unable to
administer it without assistance
BLEEDING AND SHOCK
 Bleeding
• Is the loss of blood escaping from the circulatory
system
Techniques to Control
Bleeding

• Direct Pressure • Pressure Bandage

 Shock
• Is a condition in which the circulatory system
fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the
body’s tissue and vital organ
Signs & Symptoms
• Restlessness or irritability
• Altered level of conciousness
• Pale , ashen or greyish color. Moist skin
• Rapid Breathing
• Rapid and weak pulse
• Excessive thirsy
First Aid Management
• Make the person Lie down
• Control any external bleeding
• Legs may be raised to 6 to 12 inches
• Help the person maintain normal body
temperature
• Do not give the person anything to eat or
drink
• Reassure the person every often
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
 Close Wound
• Is a wound where the outer layer of the skin is
intact and the damage lies below the surface
Signs & Symptoms
• Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of the
body
• Rapid Weak pulse
• Skin that feels cool or moist or looks pale or
bluish
• Excessive thirst
• An injured extremity that is blue or extremely
pale
• Altered mental state
First Aid Management
• Make the person lie down
• Control any external bleeding
• Legs may be raised to 6 to 12 inches
• Help the person maintain normal body
temperature
• Do not give the person anything to eat or
drink
• Reassure the person every often
 Open Wound
• The outer layer of the skin is broken. The break
in the skin can be as minor as a scrape of the
surface layers or as a deep penetration
Types of Wound
• Abrasion
Types of Wound
• Lacerations
Types of Wound
• Avulsion
Types of Wound
• Amputation
Types of Wound
• Puncture
First Aid Management
• General care for open wounds includes
controlling bleeding, preventing infection
and using dressings and bandages
correctly.
 Minor Wounds
• Use a barrier between your hand and the
wound
• Apply direct pressure
• Wash abrasions and other superficial wounds
• Apply a povidine-iodine antiseptic solution or
if available, a triple antibiotic ointment or
cream
• Cover the wound with a sterile dressing
• Wash your hands immediately after giving
care
 Major Wounds
• Call the local emergency number
• Put on PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
• Control bleeding by applying direct pressure or
employing a pressure bandage.
• Monitor airway and breathing
• In cases where the injured third party is in shock,
keep him/her from experiencing chills or feeling
over heated
• Have the person rest comfortably and provide
reassurance
• Wash your hands immediately after giving care
Burns
• Injuries to the skin and to the other body tissues
that is caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or
radiation
Classification of Burns
Chemical Burn
• Remove the chemical from the skin as quickly as
possible
• Flush the burn with large amounts of cool
running water
• If an eye is burned by a chemical, flush the
affected eye with water until advanced medical
personnel take over
• If possible, have the person remove
contaminated clothes to prevent the spread of
infection while you continue to flush the area.
POISONING
 Poison
• Poison is any substance that can cause injury.
Illness or death when introduced into the body.
Poison include solids, liquid, gases and vapors.

Four ways of Poisoning

• Ingested Poison
• Inhaled Poison
• Injected Poison
• Absorbed Poison.
Inhaled Poison
• Inhalation occurs when a person breathes in
toxic fumes

Poisoning by inhalation
• Carbon Monoxide- gasoline
 Poisoning by inhalation
• Cyanide – metal cleaners
 Poisoning by inhalation
• Chlorine – multi purpose cleaner
 Poisoning by inhalation
• Tear Gas
HEAD AND SPINE INJURIES
Types of Head and Spine Injuries
• Head Injury
Types of Head and Spine Injuries
• Head Injury
Types of Head and Spine Injuries
• Concussion
Types of Head and Spine Injuries
• Spinal Injury
 First Aid Management
• Call the local emergency number
• Minimize movement of the head, neck and back
• Check for life threatening conditions.
• Maintain open airways.
• Monitor consciousness and breathing
• Control any external bleeding with direct
pressure unless the bleeding is located directly
over a suspected fracture.
• Help victim normal body temperature.
BONES, JOINTS AND MUSCLE
INJURIES
 Types of Bones, Joints & Muscle
Injuries
• Strain
 Types of Bones, Joints & Muscle
Injuries
• Sprain
 Types of Bones, Joints & Muscle
Injuries
• Dislocation
 Types of Bones, Joints & Muscle
Injuries
• Fracture
 Sign and Symptoms
• Pain
• Significant Bruising & Swelling
• Significant deformity
• Inability to use affected body part normally
• Bone Fragments sticking out of a wound
• Grating sensations after hearing a bone pop or
snap
• Cold, numb and tingly sensations on the injured
area
• When the cause of injury suggest that is may be
severe.
First Aid Management
ENVIRONMENT EMERGENCIES
Heat Related Emergencies
Heat Cramps
• Painful involuntary muscle cramps that
can occur during and after exercise or
work in a hot environment
First Aid Management
Heat Exhaustion
• Is a milder form
of heat-related
illness that can
develop after
exposure to high
temperatures
First Aid Treatment
Thank you!