Bridge Course

on
APTITUDE SKILL BUILDING

Prepared By: Prof. Ravi Raval (701650137)

Prof. Hitesh Rajput (9824474595)
1. Operations on numbers
Number system:
Ten Crores Ten Lacks Ten Thousands Hundreads Ten Units
Crores Lacs Thousands
(i) 6 3 8 5 4 9
(ii) 2 3 8 0 9 1 7
(iii) 8 5 4 1 6 0 0 8
(iv) 5 6 1 3 0 7 0 9 0

(i) Six lac thirty-eight thousand five hundred forty-nine.

(ii) Twenty three lac eighty thousand nine hundred seventeen.
(iii) Eight crore fifty-four lax sixteen thousand eight.
(iv) Fifty six crore thirteen lack seven thousand ninety.
Types of Numbers:
1) Natural numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…
2) Whole numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…
3) Integers: …, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,…
1. Operations on numbers
Number system:
4) Even and odd numbers: {1,3,5,7,9} {2,4,6,8,10}
5) Prime numbers: {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71,
73, 79, 83, 89, 97}
6) Composite numbers: natural numbers which are not prime are composite
7) Co-prime: two number a and b are co-prime if their HCF is 1.
Example: (2,3), (4,5), (7,9), (8,11) etc. are pairs of co-prime.
8) Divisibility test:
A number is divisible by 2 if its unit digit is any of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
A number is divisible by 3 only when the sum of its digits can be divided by 3.
A number is divisible by 4 is the of its last digit two digits is divisible by 4.
A number is divisible by 5 only when its unit digits is 0 or 5.
A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by hundred’s ten and unit’s digit of the
given number is divisible by 8.
A number is divisible by 9 only when the sum of its digit is divisible by 9.
A number is divisible by 10 only when its unit digit is 0.
A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between the sum of its digit at odd places and
the sum of its digits at even places is either 0 or a number divisible by 11.
1. Operations on numbers
Number system:
Examples:
1) Find out the value of 5793405 x 9999= ______
Soln: 5793405 x 9999 = 5793405 x (10000-1) = 57934050000 – 5793405
= 57928256595
2) 839478 x 625 = ?
Soln: 839478 x 625 = 839478 x (5)4
=839478x (10/2)4
=((839478 x 104)/24)
= 524673750
3) 976 x 237 x 976 x 763 = ?
Soln: Using distributive law, we get : 976 x 237 x 976 x 763 = 976 x (237 + 763) = 976 x
1000
=976000
4) Simplify ( 658 x 658 x 658 – 328 x 328 x 328 ) / ( 658 x 658 + 658 x 328 + 328 x 328 )
Soln: (a3 - b3 ) / ( a2 + ab + b2 ) where a = 658 and b = 328 So 658 – 328 = 330
1. Operations on numbers
Number system:
Results on some series:

1. Arithmetic Progression (A.P) : a, a + d, a+2d, a + 3d,… are said to be in A.P in which first
term = a and common difference = d.
Let the nth term be tn and let last term = tn = l. Then
I. Nth term = a + (n - 1) d.
II. Sum of n terms = [ 2a + ( n – 1 ) d ]
III. Sum of n terms = ( a + l ), where l is the last term.
5. Geometric Progression (G.P) : a, ar, ar2, ar3,… are said to be in G.P in which first term = a
and common ratio = r
I. nth term =arn-1 , when r < 1
II. Sum of n terms =
1. HCF and LCM of numbers
Important Facts and formulae:
1. Factors and Multiples: if a number a divides another number b exactly, we say that a is a
factor of b. In this case b is called a multiple of a.
2. Highest Common Factor (HCF) or Greatest Common Measure (GCM) or Greatest
Common Divisor (GCD): The HCF of two or more than two numbers is the greatest
number that divides each of them exactly.
There are two methods to find GCD:
A. Factorization method
B. Division Method
3. Least Common Multiple (LCM): The least number which is exactly divisible by each one
of the given numbers is called their L.C.M
A. Factorization method of LCM
B. Common Division method (Short-cut method)
4. Product of two numbers = Product of their HCF and LCM
5. Co-Primes: Two numbers are said to be co-primes if their HCF is 1.
6. HCF and LCM of fraction:
H.C.F =
1. HCF and LCM of numbers
Examples:
1) Find the HCF of 23 x 32 x 5 x 74, 22 x 35 x 52 x 76 , 23 x 53 x 72
Soln: The prime numbers common to given numbers are 2,5 and 7: 2 2 x 5 x 72 = 980.
2) Find the HCF of 108, 288 and 360.
Soln: 108=22 x 33 288=25 x 32 360=23 x 5 x 32
Hence, 22 x 32 = 36
3) Find the L.C.M of 16,24,36 and 54.
Soln: So, L.C.M is = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 2 x2 = 432.
4) Reduce to lowest terms.
Soln: H.C.F of 391 and 667 is 23. =
5) Find the L.C.M of 22x33x5x72, 23x32x52x74, 2x3x53x7x11.
Soln: L.C.M of Product of highest powers of 2,3,5,7 and 11 = 23x33x53x74x11 = 713,097,000.
6) Find the L.C.M of 72, 108 and 2100.
Soln: 72=23x32 , 108 = 33x22, 2100 = 22x52x3x7 Hence, L.C.M is 23x33x52x7=37800.