CHP 1 Public Speaking Ethics

Public Speaking
Ethics and Essentials of Public

Speaking
You
Cheryl Hamilton
5th Edition
Chapter
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
1
Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You 1.1
Key Ideas
 Benefits of taking Public speaking
 The basic types of public speeches
 The communication process and the
speaker
 The public speaker’s ethical obligations
Flashback . . .
Educated Greeks and Romans studied rhetoric

—the art of persuasive public speaking.
Aristotle’s Rhetoric divided speaking into:
• Forensic (speaking in court)
• Deliberative (political or legislative speaking)
• Epideictic (ceremonial speaking)
Benefits of Public Speaking
 Enhances personal
development
 Influences your world
 Advances your career
Enhances Personal Development
 Builds personal communication confidence
 Gives you more control over your life
– Helps you construct arguments and present positions
– Develops critical thinking skills
 Makes you a more flexible communicator
 Helps you from feeling manipulated
Influences Your World
 Better prepared for involvement in campus
issues
 Better prepared for involvement in civic
issues
 Better prepared to share information relevant
to a particular position
Advances Your Career:
Example: Engineering
 Electrical engineers spend over 4 hours per
day communicating (Vestal et al. 1996)

 About 50% of all engineers value oral skills
above technical skills (Darling & Daniels, 2003)

 Oral skills ranked second to importance after
problem-solving skills (Evans et al. 1993)
Types of Speeches
 Informative - Focuses on conveying facts

and promoting understanding.
 Persuasive - Seeks to influence choices &
opinions.
 Special occasion - Lends a sense of distinction
to special occasions.
Informative Vs. Persuasive
Informative Persuasive
 Promote  Seek to influence
understanding of a beliefs, choices or
body of facts opinions
– Performing Heimlich – On-campus parking
maneuver should be expanded
– Effects of stress on the – Daily exercise is
body necessary for health
– Growth of YouTube and – City and country libraries
Twitter are the surest avenue for
maintaining our demcracy
Special Occasion
 Gives sense of distinction to important events
 Examples of special occasions
– Weddings
– Funerals
– Award ceremonies
– Introducing a new student
The Communication Process:
Message Message
Encoded Decoded
Stimulus Motivation
SPEAKER LISTENER
Frame of Reference
 Beliefs
 Attitudes
 Values
 Background (e.g. education, gender,
race, hometown)
 Experiences
Differences in Cultural Values
Americans Japanese Arabs
1. Freedom 1. Belonging 1. Family Security
2. Independence 2. Group Harmony 2. Family Harmony
3. Self-Reliance 3. Collectiveness 3. Parental Guidance
4. Equality 4. Age/Seniority 4. Age
5. Individualism 5. Group Consciousness 5. Authority
6. Competition 6. Cooperation 6. Compromise
7. Efficiency 7. Quality 7. Devotion
8. Time 8. Patience 8. Patience
9. Directness 9. Indirectness 9. Indirectness
10. Openness 10. Go-between 10. Hospitality
Message Message
Encoded Decoded
Stimulus Motivation
Code
SPEAKER LISTENER
Communication Codes
 Language (Verbal) - spoken or written
words
 Paralanguage (Vocal) - tone, pitch,
volume, etc.
 Non-Verbal (Visual) - eye contact, facial
expressions,
Vocal &posture, etc.
Visual Code
Verbal Code
ENVIRONMENT
Internal External
Noise Noise Internal
Noise
Message Message
Encoded Decoded
Stimulus Motivation
Code
SPEAKER LISTENER
Feedback
ENVIRONMENT
Speaking of Ethics
 The public’s perceptions of ethical
standards in several professions
 Violations and costs of unethical
behavior
 The ethical responsibilities of speakers
 Classroom ethics
The Public’s View of Ethical Standards
Profession 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Nurses 83 79 82 84 79 84 83
Druggists, pharmacists 67 72 67 73 67 70 66
Medical doctors 68 67 65 69 63 64 65
Clergy 56 56 54 58 53 56 50
Table 1.2 Police officers 59 60 61 54 53 56 63

Accountants — — 39 — — 38 --
Journalists 25 — 28 26 — 25 23
Percentage of Bankers 35 36 41 37 35 23 19
people as rating Lawyers 16 18 18 18 15 18 13
each profession Real estate agents — — 20 — — 17 --
as having College Professors 59 — 64 58 — 54
“High” or Business executives 18 20 16 18 14 12 12

Stockbrokers 15 — 16 17 12 12 9
“Very High”
Congresspersons 17 20 14 14 9
ethical standards Senators 20 -- 16 15 -- -- 11
Advertising practitioners 12 10 11 11 9 10 11
Car salespeople 7 9 8 7 6
Insurance salespeople 12 -- -- 13 -- -- 10
Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning Copyright Cengage © 2011 1.18

Costs of unethical behavior
 2007: Dismissal from job
(Marilee Jones Admissions Dean at MIT due to
untrue facts on resume)
 2006: Re-defense of dissertations
(Investigation Ohio University 37 former engineering
graduate students plagiarized portions of theses or
dissertations)
 2007: Dismissal from job (producer of Katie
Couric’s notebook for not giving credit to Wall Street
Journal article for lines quoted in piece)
Exaggeration, Distortion and Plagiarism
 Exaggeration
– Overstating
– Presenting facts as more important than they are
 Distortion -
– Misrepresenting or twisting facts
– Stating facts are true when only partially true
 Plagiarism
– Using ideas of others without giving credit
– Using material from the Internet without giving credit
Classroom Ethics
Speaker Audience
1. Always show up when 1. Support speaker—no
scheduled to speak. homework or daydreaming.
2. Show respect by being 2. Be on time; take job as
prepared. audience evaluator
3. Respect audience opinions seriously.
4. Be honest—no plagiarism, 3. Respect speaker’s
exaggeration, or distortion opinions.
of facts or visuals. Cite 4. Be open-minded; don’t take
sources offense during speeches or
5. Limit use of Internet class discussions.
sources. 5. Don’t distract speaker in
6. Carefully research all sides any way.
of topic. 6. Give honest, tactful
critiques including strengths
and weaknesses.
Public Speaking
Ethics and Essentials of Public
Speaking
You
Cheryl Hamilton
5th Edition
Chapter
Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D.
1

CHP 1 Public Speaking Ethics

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Public Speaking

Ethics and Essentials of Public

Educated Greeks and Romans studied rhetoric

day communicating (Vestal et al. 1996)

above technical skills (Darling & Daniels, 2003)

problem-solving skills (Evans et al. 1993)

 Informative - Focuses on conveying facts

Table 1.2 Police officers 59 60 61 54 53 56 63

as having College Professors 59 — 64 58 — 54

“High” or Business executives 18 20 16 18 14 12 12

Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning Copyright Cengage © 2011 1.18

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