CENTRE FOR LANGUAGES AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS

2023-2024
ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSE (AECC)
AECC ENGLISH/MIL
PAPER CODE: AECC01001
UNIT-II
Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication
process. Listening is key to all effective communication.
Ralph Nichols justifiably is known as the “Father of Listening.” He is a major force in our
understanding of the complexities of listening behavior and listening research to this day.

Hearing and Listening

Hearing is the process, function, or power of perceiving sound. Listening is paying attention to a
message in order to hear it, understand it, and physically or verbally respond to it . Several
things must happen in order for us to listen effectively: Sound waves carry spoken words to our
ears.

4 Benefits of Learning to Listen

 Improve communication. Active listening lets us understand what others think, feel, and
want to convey.
 Increase learning. Listening helps us learn and assimilate knowledge from different
sources.
 Strengthen bonds between people. Listening helps us build strong relationships with
others.
 Improve mental health. Listening helps us get clarity and free our minds from doubts.

Stages involved in Listening process.

Listening is an active process by which we make sense of, assess, and respond to what we
hear. The listening process involves five stages:
1. Receiving
2. Understanding
3. Evaluating
4. Remembering
5. Responding
What are the 2 main types of listening?
There are two types of listening skills, one being active listening and the other being passive
listening.

Active listening is a way of listening and responding to another person that improves mutual
understanding.
Passive listening is when you are hearing someone or something without putting 100% of your
attention towards listening.

7 types of listening skills

1. Informational listening. Informational listening is listening with the goal of learning,
understanding, and grasping information. Informational listening is distinguished from
several other forms of listening, such as relational, appreciative, critical, discriminative,
and inspirational listening.

2. Discriminative listening. Discriminative listening is when the listener interprets and

assigns meaning to sound rather than to words. In discriminative listening, the listener
interprets the differences and nuances of sounds and body language. The listener is
sensitive to attributes including rate, volume, pitch, and emphasis in speaking.

3. Biased listening. Biased listening is also known as selective listening. Someone who
uses biased listening will only listen for information that they specifically want to hear.
This listening process can lead to a distortion of facts. That's because the person
listening isn't fully in tune with what the speaker wishes to communicate.
 4. Sympathetic listening. Sympathetic listening is driven by emotion. Instead of focusing
on the message spoken through words, the listener focuses on the feelings and
emotions of the speaker. This is done to process these feelings and emotions. By using
sympathetic listening, you can provide the support the speaker needs.

5. Comprehensive listening. Comprehensive listening is about interpreting the words and

ideas of the speaker. Examples of comprehensive listening examples include watching
the news, listening to a peer give a presentation, or taking notes during a meeting.
Because our brains work differently, sometimes comprehensive listening can be
complicated.

6. Empathetic or therapeutic listening. Empathic listening is the practice of being

attentive and responsive to others' input during conversation. Listening empathically
entails making an emotional connection with the other person and finding similarities
between their experience and your own so you can give a more heartfelt response.
Therapeutic listening is a sound-based intervention that was developed to support
people
of all ages who experience difficulties with sensory processing. It provides stimulation to
the auditory system through the use of specifically altered music.

7. Critical listening. Critical listening is a process for understanding what is said and
evaluating, judging, and forming an opinion on what you hear. The listener assesses the
strengths and weaknesses of the content, agrees or disagrees with the information, and
analyzes and synthesizes material.

Common Barriers to Effective Listening

1) Physical and Environmental Barriers
2) Cultural Barriers
3) Emotional and Psychological Barriers
4) Personal Barriers
5) Language Barriers
6) Prejudice
7) Information overload
8) Tone of Voice

UNIT-III SPEAKING SKILLS

Monologue: A monologue is a speech delivered by one person, or a long one-sided
conversation that makes you want to pull your hair out from boredom. The Greek root word
monologos translates to “speaking alone,” and that's a monologue: one person doing all the
talking.
For example, in theatre, a monologue is a speech presented by a single character, most often to
express their thoughts aloud, though sometimes also to directly address another character or the
audience.
Just a minute: Just A Minute (JAM) Sessions are one-minute impromptu speeches where the
speaker is presented with a topic and is given 10–30 seconds to think about it and assimilate all
their ideas. After the thinking period is over, the individual is given a minute to express their
views on that particular topic.
Extempore: Extemporaneous speech is a type of public speaking that involves delivering a
prepared but not memorized speech on a given topic. It is often used in academic, competitive,
or professional settings, where speakers have to present their arguments, opinions, or
information in a clear and persuasive way.
Conversation: Conversation is interactive communication between two or more people. The
development of conversational skills and etiquette is an important part of communication .
Group Discussion: Group discussion (GD) is a comprehensive technique to judge the
suitability of an individual and his appropriateness for admission, scholarship, job, etc. GD
assesses the overall personality – thoughts, feelings and behaviour - of an individual in a group.
A topic is presented to the group members for discussion.
Types of Group Discussion
1. Factual Group Discussions.
2. Opinion-Based Group Discussion.
3.Group conversations based on case studies.
4. Abstract Group Discussion.
Group Discussion Topics for Students
 How has COVID affected the Indian students?
 Freedom: Is It a Myth?
 Will the 5 trillion Indian Economy Ever Be A Success?
 Urban v/s Rural India.
 Education System of India.
 Death Penalty for Crime Against Women.
 Condition of Indian States.
 Sanitization of Poor.

Presentation:Presentations are typically demonstrations, introduction,

lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build
goodwill, or present a new idea/product.
Presentation Skills: Presentation skills are the abilities and qualities necessary for creating
and delivering a compelling presentation that effectively communicates information and ideas.
They encompass what you say, how you structure it, and the materials you include to support
what you say, such as slides, videos, or images.
3 Ps of presentation: Plan, Prepare, and Present
Effective presentations are sometimes created around a three-step process, sometimes
called the 3-P Approach: Plan, Prepare, and Present. Your success depends on the
effort you put into each step of this process. Examine each step carefully and put the
approach into action for your next presentation.

What are the 4 presentation methods?

When it comes time to deliver your big presentation, you have at least 4 major delivery
styles you can choose from:
1. memorized
2. manuscript
3. impromptu
4. extemporaneous

6 Different Types of Presentations

 Informative Presentations.
 Persuasive Presentations.
 Demonstrative Presentations.
 Inspirational Presentations.
 Business Presentations.
 PowerPoint Presentations.

8 Different types of presentations every presenter must know.

 Informative presentation.
 Persuasive presentation.
 Demonstration or how-to presentation.
 Training or instructional presentation.
 Sales presentation.
 Pitch presentation.
 Motivational or inspirational presentation.
 Status or progress report presentation.

Strategies for Effective Presentation

Here are the essential points to make a successful presentation:
 Clearly define your objectives before making a presentation.
 Learning and mastering your subject.
 Building the plan and thinking about storytelling.
 Prepare and rehearse your oral presentation.
 Be natural during the presentation.