Solid waste management

Open Dumps

Sanitary landfills
Incineration : is a form of waste disposal in which waste is burnt.
Incineration converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The heat can be
used to generate electricity with a steam turbine.

Thermal destruction of most organic compounds occurs between 590/C and

650/C (1100/F and 1200/F).

Incineration is the combustion of organic matter in the presence of oxygen. It

is one of the major ways of destroying waste materials. It is a type of thermal
treatment carried at very high temperature. The incineration process converts
waste into ash, gases (flue gas) and heat. The heat generated from this
treatment can be used to generate electricity.
Disadvantages:

Incineration reduces the recycling of recyclable

materials because burning is easier and cheaper
than recycling.

Incineration releases gaseous components such as

carbon dioxide (CO2).

Incineration emits hazardous end products.

Incineration can lead to different health risks.

Pyrolysis is the heating of an
organic material, such as
biomass, in the absence of
oxygen. ... Because no oxygen is
present combustion does not
occur, rather the biomass
thermally decomposes into
combustible gases and bio-char.
pyrolysis of organic materials causes the
production of volatile components along with a
carbon-containing solid residue and tar. This
process gives end products in solid phase, liquid
phase and gas phase as well. The pyrolysis is
done at temperatures above 430°C. Carbonization
is a form of pyrolysis which leaves a solid residue
rich with carbon.
Uses of pyrolysis are as follows:
 Ethylene production
 Production of tar
 Production of biofuels from biomass.

What are the Similarities Between Incineration and

Pyrolysis?
Both incineration and pyrolysis include burning of
materials.
Both processes produce gaseous compounds as end
products.
Vermicompost (vermi-compost) : is the product of the
decomposition process using various species of worms,
usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to
create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste,
bedding materials, and vermicast. ... is the end-product of the
breakdown of organic matter by earthworms. These castings
have been shown to contain reduced levels of contaminants
and a higher saturation of nutrients than the organic materials
before vermicomposting.

Biogasfication: Anaerobic process

Nuclear Hazards
Fukushima accident 2011

Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945