Jimma university

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY school of computing

Group assignment on telecom technologies

sub title 3g
Name……………………………………id
1.Biftu Taju………………………..eu0219/09
2.Mebruka Abdurrahman……..eu0244/09
3,iman A/ moga………………………eu0236/09
4.Tigist ayalew…………………….eu0262/09
5.Makdes birhanu………………..eu0245/09
6.Sitina seid………………………….eu0235/08
 History

 3G follows a pattern of G's that the ITU started in the early 1990s. The pattern is actually a wireless
initiative called the International Mobile Communications 2000. 3G, therefore, comes just after 2G
 and 2.5G, the second-generation technologies.
 It is the upgrade for 2G and 2.5G GPRS networks, for faster internet speed. This is based on a set of
standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunications use services and networks that
comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the 
International Telecommunication Union. 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, 
mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.
 2G technologies include, among others, the Global System for Mobile. 2.5G brought standards that
are midway between 2G and 3G, including the General Packet Radio Service, 
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, and others.
 What is 3G ?

 3G refers to the third generation of mobile telephony (that is, cellular) technology.
 The third generation, as the name suggests, follows two earlier generations.

 The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) defined the third generation (3G) of mobile
telephony standards IMT-2000 to facilitate growth, increase bandwidth, and support more
diverse applications. For example, GSM could deliver not only voice, but also circuit-switched
data at speeds up to 14.4 Kbps.
 But to support mobile multimedia applications, 3G had to deliver packet-switched data with
better spectral efficiency, at far greater speeds.

 However, to get from 2G to 3G, mobile operators had make "evolutionary" upgrades to
existing networks while simultaneously planning their "revolutionary" new mobile broadband
networks.
 This lead to the establishment of two distinct 3G families: 3GPP and 3GPP2.
Cont…
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

 was formed in 1998 to foster deployment of 3G networks that descended from GSM.
 3GPP technologies evolved as follows
 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) offered speeds up to 114 Kbps.
 Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) reached up to 384 Kbps.
 UMTS Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) offered downlink speeds up to 1.92 Mbps.
 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) boosted the downlink to 14Mbps.
 LTE Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) is aiming for 100 Mbps.
 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
 Was formed to help North American and Asian operators using CDMA2000 transition to 3G.
 3GPP2 technologies evolved as follows:
 One Times Radio Transmission Technology (1xRTT) offered speeds up to 144 Kbps.
 Evolution Data Optimized (EV-DO) increased downlink speeds up to 2.4 Mbps.
 EV-DO Rev. A boosted downlink peak speed to 3.1 Mbps and reduced latency.
 EV-DO Rev. B can use 2 to 15 channels, with each downlink peaking at 4.9 Mbps.
 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) was slated to reach 288 Mbps on the downlink.
3G Technology features and applications

 It is the wireless network technology which is utilized in the smart phones such as iPhones & Blackberries ,
While its predecessor , second-generation (2G) technology was formulated around voice applications ( like
talking , call-waiting and voicemail ) .
 3G Technology is the advanced wireless technology , It enhances the features that were available
in second generation and adds further advanced features , It is widely used in mobile phones &
data cards , 3G networks are faster than the previous networks , They offer increase in handset 
internet usage that help the businesses use social networking applications to advertise.
 3G Internet Technology is used primarily in the smartphones & laptop PCs , It offers high speed 
Internet access to multimedia applications , 3G represents a step up from 2G which applies to
only voice applications and it adds more versatility to mobile phones which allow the users to
carry their life with them on the go .
 3G technology puts a strong emphasis on Internet & multimedia services , such as
web browsing , video conferencing & downloading music , Evolution of 3G technology was due to
the limited capacity of 2G networks , 2G technology were built for voice calls & slow data
transmission , But these services were unable to satisfy the requirements of present wireless
revolution .
Cont…

3G Technology
 Evolution of 3G
 Telecommunications evolution is undergoing a rapid vamp to the future; the evolution is almost exponential,
from the analog types to 2Gs and then finally the latest mobile innovation the 3G technology.
 The 3G techie is the latest on-stream line of communications which offers advanced voice communications and
high-speed data connectivity, with wireless Internet access, mobile data applications and high multimedia
content.
 Mobile technology’s conception started from the analogs. Analog networks, or first generation
wireless technology has been introduced in the mid 1980s in America, a technology that was
incredibly region-specific in character. As the demand for mobile communications grew, the digital
2G emerged in the 1990s flanking the under capacity of the 1G systems.
 Second generation mobile systems operate on the following fundamentals: TDMA, (IS-54 and IS-136),
GSM and CDMA IS-95 or CDMAOne. GSM, used worldwide, is a packet-switched technology that
transports speed theoretically of up to 115 kb/s. Unfortunately, these technologies were found to be
incompatible with each other, and many mobile techies were incredibly delimited to a specific
region or country. They are also fabricated mainly for voice data and slow transmission. Rapid
changes in user expectation and communication needs, sought the need for improvement.
 Cont…
 3G refers to the third generation wireless technology and networks and was invented in 1999.
 It is actually a modified concept of 2G mobile phone systems.
 It is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) scheme establishing for single global
wireless standard called International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), a resolution to
the defects of 2G system. 
 System capacity and spectrum efficiency over 2G systems was the underlying theme of the ITU
standardization systems.
 Minimum transmission rates was set at 144 kbps in mobile (outdoor) and 2 Mbps in fixed (indoor)
environments.
 Since 3G is actually a convergence, the different networks working to standardized it, may be
classified as follows:
 WCDMA
 CDMA2000
 UMTS and
 EDGE.
Cont…
 WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access):
 refers to broadband digital radio communications of Internet, multimedia messaging, video
streaming and other capacity-demanding applications and is the preferred 3G network in Europe,
Asia, Japan, United States and Africa.
 Conversion of input data (e.g. image, video, voice) to a narrowband digital radio signal tagged with
a specific marker is the method for multi-rate transmission of the network.

 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access):

 It is the leading 3g network as of current providing over a hundred million consumers worldwide. It
was selected as the industry standard by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union).
 CDMA technology is a combination of two networking assets:
 CDMA2000 1X and
 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
 The capacity and performance of voice and data services of CDMA2000 1X is twice that of the
former CDMA systems and surpasses that of TDMA and GSM.
Cont…
 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is a data-optimized version of CDMA2000 providing peak rates of more than 2 Mbps,
with an average output of over 700 kbps.
 This fast technology is parallel to DSL service and can support video streaming data and large byte file
downloads.
 The stipulation for CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is to delivers maximum number of data (Megabyte) at the lowest cost
possible.
 UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
 It is the mobile telephone standard in Europe, set by ETSI. Unlike GSM, the UMTS follows layering
protocol for data networking. The topmost, being the services layer, is for allocation and data
speed.
 The control layer located central, assists in upgrading actions and allows dynamic allocation and
tagging of data to a specific bandwidth.
  Bottom most is the connectivity layer where any transmission technology can be seconded and the
voice traffic will transport over ATM/AAL2 or IP/RTP hence trafficking by signal bandwidth is
prevented (GSM server, 2007).
Evolution from 2G to 3G

2G IS-95 GSM- IS-136 & PDC

GPRS
IS-95B
2.5G HSCSD EDGE

Cdma2000-1xRTT W-CDMA
3G Cdma2000-1xEV,DV,DO EDGE
Cdma2000-3xRTT TD-SCDMA
3GPP2 3GPP
Cont…

 These are referred to as third-generation (3G) networks and they offer data speeds similar to

low-speed landline broadband (typically 350kbps–2MBps).
 So 3G evolved into HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access), HSPA, or 3.5G, which
is up to five times faster than 3G.

What can you do with 3G ?

 3G is loosely defined, but generally includes high data speeds, always-on data access, and
greater voice capacity.
 The high data speeds are possibly the most prominent feature, and certainly the most hyped.
 They enable such advanced features as live, streaming video. There are several different 3G
technology standards.
 The most prevalent is UMTS, which is based on WCDMA. (WCDMA and UMTS are often used
interchangeably.) UMTS is the 3G technology of choice for most GSM carriers.
 The other major standard is cdma2000, which is an evolution of CDMA 2G technology. There are
several types of cdma2000, each offering different data rates and levels of compatibility with
2G CDMA.
Cont…

Video Streaming
 Video Streaming is possible even over GPRS or EDGE but its very slow.
 You will be able to watch a Cricket match Live on the road with live video and audio.
Video Calling
 Have you ever wondered why there is an additional camera above the display in some phones ?
 The camera is meant to be used for Video Calling .. You can actually see the other person face to
face and talk.

Faster Downloads and Browsing

 When i tested 3G , the speeds i was getting was in the range of 300 -500 kbps .. which is the kind of
speed we get on a broadband connection at home 

 But one downside to all of this is that battery life is comparatively shorter for most phones on 3G
networks.
Cont…
How does 3G work?
 3G comes with enhancements over previous wireless technologies, like high-speed
transmission, advanced multimedia access, and global roaming.
 3G is mostly used with mobile phones and handsets as a means to connect the phone to the
internet or other IP networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download and upload
data, and to surf the Web.
 The 3G Technology might be divided up in hierarchical fashion:
 Macro cells: The area of largest coverage, e.g., an entire city.
 Micro Cells : The area of intermediate coverage, e.g., a city center.
 Pico Cells: The area of smallest coverage, e.g., a “hotspot” in a hotel or airport.
 Smaller regions (shorter ranges) allow higher user density and faster transmission rates.
This is why they are called “hotspots”.
How Is 3G Better?

 3G offers several enhancements over 2.5G and previous networks:

 Several times higher data speed.
 Enhanced audio and video streaming.
 Videoconferencing support.
 Web and WAP browsing at higher speeds.
 IPTV (TV through the internet) support.

 Technical Specifications
 The transfer rate for 3G networks is between 128 and 144 kilobits per second for devices that are
moving fast, and 384 kbps for slow ones — like walking pedestrians. For fixed wireless LANs, the
speed goes beyond 2 Mbps.
 3G is a set of technologies and standards that include W-CDMA, WLAN, and cellular radio, among
others.
Requirements for Use

 Unlike with Wi-Fi, which you can get for free in hotspots, you need to be subscribed to a service
provider to get 3G network connectivity.
 This kind of service is often called a data plan or network plan.
 Your device is connected to the 3G network through its SIM card (in the case of a mobile phone) or
its 3G data card (which can be of different types, like USB, PCMCIA, etc.), both of which are usually
provided or sold by the service provider.
 These cards are how the device connects to the internet when it's within range of a 3G network. In
fact, the device is backward compatible with older technologies, which is why a 3G compatible
phone can get 2G service if it's available when 3G service is not.
 Mobile coverage is as a priority area for Ofcom, which is leading and supporting several initiatives
to improve mobile coverage and provide consumers with high-quality information on reception, as
part of a five point plan.
Advantages & Disadvantages of 3G Network

Advantages
 The customers will get a high-speed network for their communication which is far better than the
2G technology, particularly in data communication.
 The customer will get wireless broadband.
 Customers can see video or satellite based programs like TV programs using this technology.
 Customers can use all the facilities at the same time.
 It may also be cheap than the other traditional media we are using, as a result of a price war.
 The many in one service will be available on the same network. Due to the use of the DTH & the 3G
technology, everyone will use this multi-purpose services to avoid time loss and keeping records for
different service providers.
 Uninterrupted video streaming on phones.
 Video calls and big MMS.
 Good for data intensive applications.
Cont…
 3G is cheaper for providers, however, plans are more expensive due to the high cost of
implementation of the 3G network.
 3G enables video calls, therefore, business conferencing between cities, states, and even
countries.

 Picture messaging allows products, progress or problems to be shown visually.

 Applications that are more data intensive can b developed and used.
 3G networks allow everyday people to access music, pictures, and videos with ease creating a
bigger and open market for those industries in advertising

 Extremely faster than previous networks

 Increase in handset internet usage lead t businesses using social networking applications to
advertise
Cont…
 Disadvantages
 Since in telecom sector, there is much competition, so the companies have a very
marginal price for their facilities.

 The companies, who will not get a license from the spectrum distribution authorities will
suffer to use only 2G, which will badly affect their business. In this situation, these
companies will either disappear from this sector or will run with losses. Because of the
customers will start to use the services of the companies having the 3G technology.

 Due to the use of the DTH & the 3G technology, everyone will use this multi-purpose
services to avoid time loss and keeping records for different service providers. So, the
traditional cable business will badly affected by implementing this new technology.
 Cont…
 The radiation of magnetic waves generated with the heavily use of the wireless system will affect our
life also. More uses of the services will have more effect on us.
 The radiation of the magnetic waves are danger for our life. Long use can affect our brains.
 The mobiles are not suitable devices to see TV or web browsing. So, initially this service may be
used in mass but in future, mobile can not be used to see the TV or for Internet surfing. Which will
affect the business of the 3G.

 Enterprise Applications for 3G Technology

 Video Surveillance Monitoring using 3G Network: These days, having network cameras to
monitor your campus or factory has become common place and one of the main reasons for that
is the remote monitoring ability provided by IP surveillance cameras through a public network
like the Internet. Taking this one step forward, a few network cameras come with mobile
surveillance capabilities. They allow you to use the 3Gnetwork to see the output of a network
camera placed in your factory or home; right on the screen of your 3G enabled Smart Phone
wherever you are, whenever you want.
Applications and Supporting Technologies of
3G Services
 Along with the development of mobile communications technology, mobile service
applications have become a new focus. However, the application of new technologies lags
behind the development of technologies. Solutions to the problems of how to satisfy
customers´ individualized demands, how to build effective commerce modes, and how to
make a perfect value chain of network operators, Internet content providers, value-added
service providers and terminal providers become actually more urgent.

 Mobile data communication includes SMS (Short Message Service), EMS (Enhanced Multimedia
Service), MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service), email service and Web browsing, while multimedia
communication refers to picture transmission, animation transmission and video transmission. 
 Handsets are gradually changing from simple talk tools into data and information terminals. People
in some particular regions have begun to use GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) handsets to buy
metro tickets and Coke. 
Cont…
1.Mobile Multimedia Messaging  Service
 MMS is a multimedia communication mode based on the store-and-forward mechanism. Different
from SMS and EMS, MMS has no restriction on the amount and complexity of information contents.
So MMS can be used to transmit short messages in texts, as well as pictures, videos and audios. 
 MMS makes it possible for operators to develop various new mobile services. So, it is generally
regarded as a key impetus for the opening and development of GRPS and 3G markets. It is
forecasted that MMS income will exceed 5 billion US dollars in 2004. In 2006, the figure will reach
15 billion US dollars, and mobile subscribers using MMS handsets will account for 50% of the global
handset users.

 Entertainment, pictures and point-to-point applications are three main applications of MMS. The
application and popularization of MMS depend on strengthening terminal users´ will to share
entertainment and graphic information with others, to DIY multimedia messages with information
on hand, and to download all kinds of MMS information.
Cont…
2.Streaming Media

 Different from the traditional multimedia, streaming media is characterized by using the variable
bandwidth technology to run data media in the form of "stream".
 It can now support playing high-quality audio and video programs online at the speeds of from 28
kb/s to 1 200 kb/s. As a typical 3G service, streaming media represent animated images and
information services.
 Apple, Cisco, Lasenna, Philips, Sun and several other companies jointly founded the Internet
Streaming Media Association (ISMA) in December 2000. They intended to promote the streaming
media market and constitute relatively open standards and implementation protocols. However, it
is a long way for streaming media to realize its application on 3G networks. First of all, it´s hard to
determine a dominant media compression technology out of Real, WMT and ISO MEPG-4. Besides,
IETF´s open standards for stream transmission network protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, RTP, RTSP
and RTCP, are the only choice for cross-platform applications, but they can´t support intelligent
stream as well as Microsoft´s MMS protocol does.
Areas of Application

 Wireless voice telephony

 Fixed wireless Internet access
 Mobile Internet access
 Video calls
 Mobile TV technologies
 Video-on-demand
 Video conferencing
 Tele-medicine
 Global Positioning System (GPS)
 Location-based services
Conclusion
The development trend in telecommunications is driven by user service requirements asking for access to a
diversified range of personalized set of services to anyone, anywhere, anytime but not at any price.
Borders between telecommunications, information technology and entertainment services are disappearing
and users can combine service offerings from various operators. Deregulated world-wide market and rapid
introduction of mobile services of the second generation, specifically GSM, has lead to the conclusion that
one "ultimate mobile solution ", one radio access network and one single core network standardised to a
very detailed level is not realistic. Flexibility and opportunities of choice within mobile communications are
available to a large extent already today. The choice is available for users, service operators, network
operators and manufacturers. Consequently UMTS development takes into account the opportunity of the
choice and the multiplicity of feted and mobile telecommunication networks and services. Several of these
systems can evolve towards UMTS with their own targets and pace. Such facts are influencing the current
standardization process at both national, regional.
Cont…
The evolution path of 3G/UMTS as well as its some aspects give us an overall general picture of 3G really is
a necessary step after all. Technically speaking, 3G is an advancement over present GSM services, able to
offer much in terms of quality multimedia services. However, for users of mobile telephony, it is not so
important to them what sort of technology makes communication possible. It is the type of service and the
quality of the service that they obtain that is of more importance to them. What users want are services
that make things more convenient and accessible. GSM is predominantly a voice service technology and this
was the most important service to offer at the time when GSM was introduced because mobile telephones
should offer just that: Telephone services but with mobility. However, it has since evolved to encompass
some data services such as SMS and some internet access capability. Further enhancements allowed even
faster access to the Internet and to other services. With 3G and UMTS, even more services can be
introduced to the public.
THANK YOU!