NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA

MASTER’S PROGRAMME IN WREM

 THESIS PRESENTATION: INDUSTRIAL WATER

DEMAND ASSESSMENT IN RWANDA
 
CASE STUDY: CITY OF KIGALI

By: MUNDERERE Egide

Supervisors: - Ass. Prof. Dr. Umaru Garba Wali
-Eng. Omar MUNYANEZA, PhD fellow
AUGUST, 2013
 PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Introduction

• Literature Review

• Study Area Description

• Research Methodology

• Results and Discussions

• Conclusion and Recommendations

• Acknowledgement
 BACKGROUND

Rapid Industrial development, urbanization, mechanization

of agriculture, hydro and thermal Energy generation will

draw an exponential water demand in Rwanda.
About 90% of manufacturing industries in Rwanda are

located in Kigali and Gisenyi; and

 Industrial activities that have implications for water

demand in Rwanda include: Agro-processing Industries;

Textile production Industry; beverage industries; mining
processing industries; and construction industries etc,
 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

• It is very important to conduct industrial water demand

in Rwanda due to Rapid industrialization, urbanization
and agricultural development;
• This study projects on Industrial water demand in
Rwanda will serve as a working document to policy
makers;
• Benchmark data for any further investigation

• Useful material for academic purposes

 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this study was to determine industrial
water demand in Rwanda at present time and in future.

Specific Objectives
To determine specific water demand for different types of

industries in the city of Kigali;

To develop the coefficients of linear model for water

demand for different industries in the city of Kigali; and

To project future industrial water demand in Rwanda
 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

What are the specific water demands for different types

of industries in the city of Kigali?

What are the coefficients of linear model for water

demand for different industries in the city of Kigali?

What are the expected future industrial water demands in

Rwanda?
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Industry accounts for about 20 percent of the water

used in the world
 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA
 RWANDA INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND MASTER
PLAN 2010-2020
KIGALI SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The following methods were used in this Research:

•Questionnaire
•Direct interview
•Direct observation during on-site visit
•Literature Review
•Data Analysis
 METHODOLOGY (Cont’d)
Industrial Water demand computation

Qi = αi x Xi
• Qi = Industrial water demand (m3)

• Xi =Industrial production (unit of production)

• αi = Specific water demand (m3 /unit of

production)
 METHODOLOGY (Cont’d)

WATER DEMAND FORECASTING

Where

Qi= water demand at year i (m3)

Qi+n = Forecasted water demand after n years (m3)

n = design period (years)

a = average annually growth rate (%)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 RESULT 1 : HYDROPOWER GENERATION
28
Given data
27 Fitted model
Water demand ( million m3)

26

25

24

23
6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7 7.2 7.4
Hydropower energy (GWh)
Qi = 37.4+ 6.48P; R2 = 0.99
Rwanda Australia China
4000 m3/MWh 3743.1 m3/MWh 4900-12800 m3/MWh
RESULT1: MUKUNGWA PLANT (Cont’d)

Picture : Turbine at Mukungwa hydropower plant

 RESULT 2: SUGAR PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

Annually production capacity: 17000 Tons

Table: Specific water demand for Sugar production

Rwanda Vietnam Global Best

Benchmark practice

29 m3/ton 25 m3/ton 25-30 25 m3/ton

m3/ton
 RESULT2: SUGAR PRODUCTION INDUSTRY
(Cont’d)

Picture: Nyabugogo River Diversion and water extraction

process (1200 m3/hour)
 RESULT2: SUGAR PRODUCTION INDUSTRY
(Cont’d)

Picture: Condenser at Kabuye sugar factory

 RESULT 3: ABATTOIR PLANT
1600
Given data
1500 Fitted model
Water demand (m3)

1400

1300

1200

1100
200 220 240 260 280 300 320
Meat production (Tons)
Qi = 629.87+ 2.82P; R2 = 0.23
Rwanda Europe UK Benchmark Best practice

5 m3/ton 5-10 m3/ton 5-15 m3/ton 2-15 m3/ton 2 m3/ton

RESULT 4: TOBACCO PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

350
Given data
300 Fitted model
Water demand (m3)

250

200

150
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Tobacco Production (Tons)

Qi = 81.89+ 6.5P and R2 = 0.2

Specific water Demand = 10 m3/ton
 RESULT4 :TOBACCO PRODUCTION INDUSTRY
(Cont’d)

Picture: Boiler for steam generation

 RESULTS 5: BEER PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

Rwanda England Global Best practice

Benchmark
4.3 - 4.5l/l 4 - 11 l/l 6.5 l/l 4 l/l
 RESULTS 6: BEER INDUSTRY (Cont’d)
4
x 10
5.5
Given data
Fitted model
5

4.5
Water Demand (m3)

3.5
8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 10500 11000 11500
Beer production (m3)

Qi = 26252+ 1.69P and R2 = 0.08

RESULTS 7: PLASTIC MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
250
Given data
200 Fitted model
Water demand (m3)

150

100

50

0
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Plastic Production (Tons)
Qi = 138.73 – 1.99P and R2 = 0.1773
Rwanda Global benchmark Best practice

8m3/ton 5-10m3/ton 5m3/ton

RESULTS 7: PLASTIC INDUSTRY (Cont’d)

picture: Plastic manufacturing Machine

 RESULTS 8: TEXTILE INDUSTRY
5000

Given data
4500
Fitted model
Water demand ( m3)

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Textile production (Tons)
Qi = 4021.4 – 24.11P and R2 = 0.04
Rwanda China Global Best practice
Benchmark
146 m3/ton 130-150 m3/ton 100-150 m3/ton 100 m3/ton
RESULTS 8 : BOILER MACHINE UNDER
CONSTRUCTION (Cont’d)
 RESULTS 9: MINING PROCESSING INDUSTRY

550

Given data
500
Fitted model
Water demand (m3)

450

400

350

300

250
60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Mineral Production (Tons)
Qi = 526.1 – 1.5P and R2 = 0.25
Rwanda Global Benchmark Best practice
3.5 m3/ton 2.5 m3/ton 2.5 m3/ton
 RESULTS 9 : MINING PROCESSING INDUSTRY
(Cont’d)

Picture: Minerals dry processing methods (Magnetic

separation)
 RESULTS 9: MINING PROCESSING INDUSTRY
(Cont’d)

Figure: Wet processing for mining production

 RESULT 10: BEVERAGE INDUSTRIAL WATER
DEMAND PROJECTION 2012-2050

Representing 39.21% of all industrial water demand and

3.5 % of total urban water supplied by EWSA

Table: Beverage industrial water demand projection

Beverage Water Water Water

Industries demand 2012 demand 2020 demand 2050
(m3) (m3)
Total 1162478 1455423 2553965
 RESULT 11: AGRO-PROCESSING INDUSTRIAL
WATER DEMAND PREOJECTION 2012-2050

The food industry taking around 25.6% of all industrial

water demand and

Representing 2.24% of total urban water supplied by EWSA

in year 2012.
Table: Food industrial water demand projection
Agro- Water Water Water
processing demand 2012 demand demand 2050
Industries (m3) 2020 (m3) (m3)
Total 1162478 1455423 2553965
 RESULT 12: MINING INDUSTRIAL WATER
DEMAND PROJECTIONS 2012-2050

• Mining industry accounts only for about 1 percent of all

industrial water demand in Rwanda
• Table: Mining industrial water demand projection

Mining Water Water Water

Industries demand 2012 demand 2020 demand 2050
(m3) (m3)

Total 29159.51 78147.49 261852.4

 RESULT 13:CHEMICALINDUSTRIAL WATER
DEMAND PROJECTIONS 2012-2050

Water demand for chemical industries representing

11.8 % of all industrial water demand and 1.03 % of

water supplied by EWSA in urban area by year 2012.
Table: Chemical industrial water demand projection

Chemical Water Water Water

Industries demand demand demand
2012 (m3) 2020 (m3) 2050
Total 350432.63 549887.21 1297841.95
 RESULT 14: HYDROPOWER PLANT WATER
DEMAND PROJECTIONS 2012-2050
Presently water demand for hydropower generation in

Rwanda were estimated at 725804792 m3.

Table: Hydro-Energy water demand projection

Hydro- Water Water Water

Energy P demand demand 2020 demand 2050
2012 (m3) (m3)

Total 725804792 1654834926 5138697927

 CONCLUSION
The brewery industries in Rwanda have shown the best

practice of water demand for production of carbonate soft

drinks and beer with specific water demand of 4 l/l and 4.5
l/l of final product in which is low than the global bench
mark of 6.5 l/l.
The present industrial water demand in Rwanda is

estimated at 2317648 m3 which counts only 7 percent of

total water supplied by public institution in urban area
(33722213 m3) in year 2012.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
• To establish flow meters for different industries use
ground water as sources of water for their process of
production.
Government to make better use of financial

instruments, such as ground water abstraction and

discharge
Develop an application of ground water withdrawal
permit regulations
Thank you for your attention

Acknowledgement:

- Ass. Prof. Dr. Eng. Umaru Garba WALI (NUR)

- Eng. Omar MUNYANEZA, PhD fellow (NUR)
- NUR/WREM
- UNESCO-IHE