Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbon

 Reaksi oksidasi
 Reaksi substitusi
 Reaksi adisi
 Reaksi eliminasi
 Reaksi polimerisasi
Reaksi Pembakaran / Oksidasi

CH3-CH3 + 7/2 O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O

CH2=CH2 + 3 O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O

CH≡CH + 5/2 O2 → 2CO2 + H2O

CH3-CH3 + 3/2 O2 → 2C + 3H2O

CH2=CH2 + 2 O2 → 2C + 2H2O

CH≡CH + 1/2 O2 → 2C + H2O

 Reaksi Substitusi
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl

CH3-CH3 +Cl2 → CH3-CH2Cl + HCl

CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl

 Reaksi Adisi
a. Adisi Hidrogen

CH2= CH2 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH3

CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH2-CH3

CH≡CH + H2 Ni/Pt CH2=CH2

CH≡CH + 2H2 Ni/Pt 200˚c CH3-CH3

b. Adisi Halogen
CH2=CH2 + Br2 → CH2BR-CH2Br
etena dibromoetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3

2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana
CH≡CH + Br2 → CHBr=CHBr
etuna dibromoetena

CH≡ CH+ 2Br2 → CHBr2-CHBr2

etuna tetrabromoetana

CH≡C-CH3 + Br2 → CHBr=CBr-CH3

propuna 1,2-dibromopropena

CH≡C-CH3 + 2Br2 → CHBr2-CBr2-CH3

propuna 1,2-tetrabromopropana
c. Adisi Asam Halida
Alkena simetris

CH2=CH2 + HCl → CH3-CH2Cl

etena kloroetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH3

2-butena 2-klorobutana

CH≡CH + HCl → CH2=CHCl

etuna kloroetena

CH3-C≡C-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH=CCl-CH3

2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena
 Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetris

CH3-CH=CH2 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CH2Cl

% <<<<<

→ CH3-CHCl-CH3
% >>>>>
 d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkuna

CH2=CH2 + H2O H2SO4 300˚C 70 Atm CH3-CH2OH

etena etanol

CH≡CH + H2O H2SO4 60˚C CH3-CHO

etuna etanal
 4. Reaksi eliminasi

CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2

 5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna

CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 +…… → -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-

etena polietena

CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl +…… → -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-

kloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilklorida
 Substitusi halogen pada alkana

CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl

propana kloropropana

Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna

CH3-CH2=CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3CH2Cl-CH2Cl-CH3

etena 2,3-diklorobutana

CH3-C≡C-CH3 + H2 → CH3-CH=CH-CH3
2-butuna 2-butena

CH3-C≡C-CH3 + 2 H2 → CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
2-butuna butana
 Adisi asam halida pada alkena

CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3

3-heksena 3-kloroheksana
=
CH3-CH2-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3
3-kloroheksana

CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3

2-pentena 2-kloropentena

CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH3

1-butena 2-klorobutena
Uji diri
 Tuliskan hasil reaksi

Adisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butena

Adisi HCl pada 4-etil-2-heksena